大型语言模型是否有法律义务说出真相?
Sandra Wachter1, Brent Mittelstadt1, Chris Russell1
1Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, 1 St Giles, Oxford OX1 3JS, UK.
Royal Society open science
|August 8, 2024
概括
大型语言模型 (LLM) 可以传播微妙的不准确性,冒着对知识和真理的累积伤害的风险. 这篇文章提出了LLM提供商的法律义务,以确保他们的模型优先考虑真实性.
科学领域:
- 人工智能伦理学
- 法律研究 法律研究
- 信息科学 信息科学 信息科学
背景情况:
- 大型语言模型 (LLM) 生成可信但不准确的内容,对科学完整性,教育和社会真理构成风险.
- 这些不准确性,包括事实错误和偏见的信息,可以随着时间的推移累积地降低知识.
- 在LLM中",粗心言论"的概念是根据"基本真相"定义的,包括幻觉,错误信息和错误信息等风险.
研究的目的:
- 检查LLM提供商的法律可行性和义务的存在,以确保其模型产生真实的输出.
- 通过民主流程,倡导强制减轻粗心言论,并通过民主流程在LLMs中改进真相对准.
- 提出一个法律框架,为狭义和通用LLM提供者建立真相义务.
主要方法:
- 分析现有的法律框架,包括欧盟人权法,人工智能法,数字服务法,产品责任指令和人工智能责任指令.
- 审查科学,学术,教育,档案和图书馆部门的真相相关义务.
- 审查相关的判例,例如德国的一项裁决,认为谷歌对人工智能造成的谤负有责任.
主要成果:
- 目前的法律框架提供了有限的,特定部门的职责,涉及到AI输出的真实性.
- 现有的法律先例和特定部门的职责为LLM提供者建立更广泛的真相义务提供了基础.
- 提出了一条途径,为LLM提供者创造法律义务,以减轻粗心言论和增强真相对齐.
结论:
- 在法律上,LLM提供者应该有法律义务减轻粗鲁的言论,并使模型与真相保持一致.
- 开放的,民主的过程对于发展和实施这些真相义务至关重要.
- 为LLM建立法律真相义务对于保护科学,教育和社会真相至关重要.
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