通过重复接种疫苗对Omicron亚变体的抗体反应中和的有限免疫印记
Xue-Dong Song1, Guo-Jian Yang2, Chao Shi3
1State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Handan Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Handan, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
概括
用原始SARS-CoV-2菌株重复接种产生了强大的中和抗体来对抗早期变种,但对像XBB.1.5和BA.2.86.6这样的Omicron亚变种的有效性有限.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- SARS-CoV-2 Omicron 子变种的出现需要了解疫苗诱导的免疫力对进化的菌株的免疫力.
- 基于祖先菌株的疫苗 (无活化,蛋白质子单元,基于载体) 被广泛部署,这引发了对其交叉保护功效的质疑.
研究的目的:
- 评估通过对Omicron亚型的祖先SARS-CoV-2疫苗重复接种引起的中和抗体反应.
- 为了比较接种疫苗的个体,感染Omicron的个体和突破性感染的个体之间的免疫反应.
主要方法:
- 招募具有不同疫苗接种和感染史的个人 (四剂量祖先疫苗,单独的BA.5感染,BA.5突破性感染).
- 使用伪病毒中和试验检测D614G,BA.5,XBB.1.5,EG.5.1和BA.2.86的中和抗体.
- 抗原绘图的应用,以分析抗体交叉反应模式.
主要成果:
- 四剂量疫苗接种和BA.5突破性感染产生了对D614G的最高中和抗体标位,超过了对Omicron亚型的抗体.
- 只有单独的BA.5感染在所有测试变体中诱导了可比的中和抗体标位.
- 与D614G和BA.5.5.6相比,在接种疫苗的队列中,对XBB.1.5,EG.5.1和BA.2.86的抗体中和能力显著降低.
- 在异质增强剂后的BA.5突破性感染显著增强了对Omicron亚变体的中和抗体标位,特别是XBB.1.5和EG.5.1.1.
结论:
- 用祖先的武汉-胡-1菌株重复接种会给免疫反应带来主要针对原始菌株的免疫反应.
- 祖先疫苗产生的中和抗体反应表明对较新的Omicron亚型的交叉反应性和有效性有限.
- 不同的增强策略可能对扩大疫苗诱导的免疫力对新出现的SARS-CoV-2变种至关重要.
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