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相关概念视频

Blind Procedures02:07

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Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which...
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The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
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Survival analysis is a statistical method used to analyze time-to-event data, often employed in fields such as medicine, engineering, and social sciences. One of the key challenges in survival analysis is dealing with incomplete data, a phenomenon known as "censoring." Censoring occurs when the event of interest (such as death, relapse, or system failure) has not occurred for some individuals by the end of the study period or is otherwise unobservable, and it might have many different...
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Metacognition is a conscious process where individuals are aware of their cognitive and executive processes, such as planning before solving a problem or self-monitoring during reading. For instance, a writer may need help with composing a piece. The situation involves a writer who is working on a piece of writing, but while doing so, they realize that something is missing. They notice that their characters lack depth or details. This realization occurs because the writer is reflecting on their...
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Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 17, 2025

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance
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从元认知的角度来看,担心推迟:一个随机的等候名单控制试验.

Clara Krzikalla1, Ulrike Buhlmann1, Janina Schug1

  • 1Institute of Psychology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.

Clinical psychology in Europe
|August 9, 2024
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概括

焦虑推迟 (WP) 在使用元认知方法时,有效地减少了一般性焦虑障碍 (GAD) 患者的焦虑. 这种干预对GAD患者产生了持久的效果,但对心脏病的影响有限.

关键词:
一般性焦虑障碍是一般性焦虑障碍.过敏性疾病 过敏性疾病这是一种超认知疗法.一个独立的干预.担心延期的担忧

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科学领域:

  • 心理学 心理学 心理学
  • 临床心理学 临床心理学
  • 焦虑症 焦虑症 焦虑症

背景情况:

  • 病理性焦虑通常与人们认为焦虑是无法控制的感知有关.
  • 使用刺激控制逻辑的焦虑推迟 (WP) 在非临床组中显示出有希望.
  • 在一般焦虑障碍 (GAD) 患者群体中进行的先前研究没有支持WP在减少负面元认知或担忧方面的有效性.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究焦虑推迟 (WP) 的有效性,利用一个超认知的理由.
  • 为了评估WP对负面元认知和焦虑严重性的影响,在患有GAD和下丘病 (HYP) 的个体中.

主要方法:

  • 47名患有GAD和35名患有HYP的参与者被随机分配到干预组 (IG) 或等待列表 (WL).
  • 总理接受了为期两届会议的工作组的干预,重点是减少对担心无法控制的负面元认知.
  • 参与者被指示将担忧推迟到每天6天的固定时间,并完成了干预前,干预后和随访评估.

主要成果:

  • 对于负面的元认知和担忧,观察到一个显著的时间*组相互作用.
  • 与WL组相比,接受治疗的GAD样本显示了明显较低的担忧得分.
  • 在GAD组中,对于负面的元认知发现了小效果大小,而对于担忧发现了大效果大小,在四周的随访中效果持续.

结论:

  • 焦虑推迟 (WP) 具有超认知逻辑,似乎有效地减少了被诊断为GAD的个体的焦虑.
  • 这种WP方法对缺陷体质症 (HYP) 的疗效似乎有限,可能是由于这个群体的样本规模较小.