在现役消防员中最大任务的工作负载的差异
Rudi A Marciniak1, Carly A Wahl2, Kyle T Ebersole3
1School of Kinesiology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA.
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 9, 2024
概括
最大跑步机测试并不完全代表消防员在模拟灭火过程中的工作量. 不太适合的消防员在同样的工作中使用更高的心率,这表明潜在的心血管风险.
科学领域:
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 心血管科学 心血管科学
背景情况:
- 消防涉及艰苦的体力活动与显著的心血管需求.
- 评估消防员的健康状况对于工作准备和减轻健康风险至关重要.
- 目前的健身评估可能不准确地反映消防任务的生理压力.
研究的目的:
- 在消防员中比较最大跑步机测试 (TREAD) 和模拟灭火任务 (BURN) 的工作负载.
- 为了检查这些工作负载和消防员健身指标之间的关系:体重指数 (BMI),体脂百分比 (BF%) 和峰值有氧能力 (VO2PEAK).
主要方法:
- 使用爱德华的训练冲动 (ETRIMP) 量化工作负载,基于在特定心率 (HR) 强度区域 (ZONE1-5) 度过的时间.
- 参与者进行了最大跑步机测试和模拟的灭火任务.
- 适应性通过BMI,BF%和VO2PEAK进行评估.
主要成果:
- 灭火任务 (ETRIMP_BURN) 的ETRIMP显著高于跑步机测试 (ETRIMP_TREAD) 的ETRIMP.
- 消防员在灭火任务中花费了更多时间在更高的人力资源强度的区域.
- 较低的BF%和较高的VO2PEAK与更高的ETRIMP_TREAD相关,但不是ETRIMP_BURN. 较低的BF%和较高的VO2PEAK与在BURN期间在最高HR区域 (ZONE5) 的时间更短有关.
- 体重指数与任何工作负载指标都没有显著的关系.
结论:
- 基于实验室的最大运动测试可能无法充分模拟实际灭火的生理需求.
- 消防员准备性评估应考虑工作的具体要求,因为跑步机测试可能会低估工作量.
- 不太适合的消防员在消防任务中可能会经历更高的心血管压力,需要有针对性的风险降低策略.
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