水产养殖中的抗菌素耐药性:在单一健康背景下降低风险
Milan Milijasevic1, Slavica Veskovic-Moracanin1, Jelena Babic Milijasevic1
1Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 10, 2024
概括
在水产养殖中实施One Health战略可以减轻抗生素耐药性 (AMR) 的传播. 这涉及严格的抗微生物指导方针,生物安全和环境监测,以防止耐药细菌传播给人类.
科学领域:
- 水产养殖是水产养殖的一种方式.
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 在水产养殖中使用抗微生物可以导致动物性传染病抗生素耐药细菌 (ARB) 和通过食物传染给人类.
- 水生环境充当ARB的储库,促进抗菌素耐药性 (AMR) 的发展.
- 水产养殖,陆地环境,食品加工和人类人口之间的相互联系为耐药细菌传播创造了途径.
研究的目的:
- 为了解决水产养殖中AMR的有效风险减轻策略提供概述.
- 强调整合一个健康 (OH) 概念在解决水产养殖中AMR方面.
- 突出 AMR 控制工作中环境方面的重要性.
主要方法:
- 审查关于水产养殖中AMR缓解策略的现有文献.
- 对ARB的风险因素和传播途径的分析.
- 对综合抗菌耐药性控制的一种健康 (OH) 方法的评估.
主要成果:
- 严格的抗微生物药物使用指南,增强的生物安全性,疫苗接种和抗生素替代品 (先前生物,益生菌,精油,,菌根疗法) 是有效的.
- 优化养实践,遗传学,水质监测和废水处理至关重要.
- 将环境方面纳入OH工作中对于预测,检测和预防抗药性风险至关重要,特别是在低收入和中等收入国家.
结论:
- 在渔业中基于OH方法的集成抗菌耐药性控制显著降低了耐药性.
- 在亚洲的成功实施表明,抗菌素耐药性在20年内从52%降至22%,降低超过50%.
- 在OH框架内优先考虑环境因素对于水产养殖中全面的AMR管理至关重要.
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