在增材制造中用于印刷质量预测的光谱特征分析:基于声学的方法
Michael Olowe1,2, Michael Ogunsanya1,2, Brian Best3
1Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 10, 2024
概括
使用机器学习进行3D打印的Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 声学分析准确地预测了打印质量. 极端梯度提升实现了91.3%的准确性,突出了增材制造质量控制的声学.
科学领域:
- 材料科学与工程 材料科学与工程
- 制造业 制造技术 制造技术
- 声学和信号处理
背景情况:
- 在增材制造 (AM) 中的质量预测对于航空航天和生物医学等高风险行业至关重要.
- 声学传感提供了一种非破坏性的方法来检测3D打印过程中的变化.
- 沉积建模 (FDM) 是一种广泛使用的AM技术,在这种技术中,质量控制是必不可少的.
研究的目的:
- 研究声学数据分析在FDM中预测3D打印质量的有效性.
- 提取和分析时间和频域声学特征以进行质量分类.
- 实现和比较各种机器学习算法用于基于声学的印刷质量预测.
主要方法:
- 从具有不同层厚度的FDM3D打印样本收集的声学数据流.
- 预处理的音频样本使用波-敲击声源分离 (HPSS) 和提取的光谱特征使用Librosa.
- 采用了八个机器学习分类器 (包括XGBoost,随机森林,SVM) 来根据声学特征预测打印质量.
主要成果:
- 识别了光谱平度,光谱中心点,功率光谱密度和RMS能量作为关键的声学特征.
- 极端梯度提升 (XGBoost) 模型实现了最高的预测准确度 (91.3%),精度 (88.8%),回忆 (92.9%),F1得分 (90.8%),和AUC (96.3%).
- 证明了声学特征在区分印刷品质量级别方面的潜力.
结论:
- 基于声学的分析与机器学习相结合,为FDM 3D打印中的实时质量预测提供了一个强大的方法.
- 这种方法为增材制造中的基于声学的质量控制系统奠定了基础.
- 该方法可以扩展到其他AM技术和各种制造质量评估应用.
相关概念视频
01:16Spectrophotometry: Introduction
Spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the absorption, reflection, diffraction, or transmission of electromagnetic radiation through a material as a function of the intensity and wavelength of the radiation. A spectrophotometer is a device used to measure the change in the radiation intensity caused by its interaction with the material.
The essential components of a spectrophotometer include a source of electromagnetic radiation, a slot for placing a material to be analyzed, and a...
The essential components of a spectrophotometer include a source of electromagnetic radiation, a slot for placing a material to be analyzed, and a...
01:09UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Beer–Lambert Law
The Beer-Lambert law describes the relationship between absorbance and concentration, which combines the principles established by scientists Johann Heinrich Lambert and August Beer. Lambert's law states that when light passes through a medium, the loss in intensity is directly proportional to the original intensity and the path length of the light. Beer's law proposed that the transmittance of a solution remains constant if the product of concentration and path length is constant. The modern...
01:14UV–Vis Spectrometers
The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...
01:24IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview
When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
01:26Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview
A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
01:30Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments
Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments (EDMs) are essential tools in modern surveying, offering precise distance measurements by emitting electromagnetic signals and calculating the time required for these signals to travel to a target and return. Two primary types of signals are used in EDMs — light waves and microwaves — each suited to specific environmental and distance requirements. Light-wave-based EDMs utilize either infrared or laser light, providing high accuracy over short distances...