影响遵守地中海饮食的驱动因素和障碍:五个国家的比较研究
Chiara Biggi1, Beatrice Biasini1, Nives Ogrinc2
1Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
Nutrients
|August 10, 2024
概括
全球对地中海饮食 (MD) 的坚持正在下降. 对食品健康的积极态度是关键预测因素,而挑饮食,成本和便利等因素则构成障碍. 需要具体的国家干预措施.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 行为科学 行为科学
背景情况:
- 全球对地中海饮食 (MD) 的坚持正在下降,即使是在其原产地区.
- 这种下降与与西方化饮食相关的负面健康结果有关.
- 识别影响MD遵守的因素对于公共卫生干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查影响不同国家遵守地中海饮食的动机,态度和心理社会因素.
- 评估希腊,意大利,摩洛哥,斯洛文尼亚和突尼斯的MD遵守水平.
- 确定国家特定的预测因素和MD遵守的障碍.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及5个国家的4025名参与者 (希腊,意大利,摩洛哥,斯洛文尼亚,突尼斯) 的横截面研究.
- 远程填写调查问卷,评估与饮食有关的动机,态度和心理社会因素.
- 使用MEDAS调查问卷对地中海饮食的坚持进行评估.
- 结构方程建模以分析粘附的预测因素.
主要成果:
- 观察到总体上,对MD的遵守率中低,意大利和摩洛哥的比例最高,斯洛文尼亚的最低.
- 对食品健康性的积极态度是坚持最强的预测因素.
- 在大多数国家,挑性饮食对坚持的预测是负面的,而健康动机和体重控制在特定地区对其产生了积极的影响.
- 障碍包括价格和便利性 (突尼斯,希腊),而对本地/季节性食品的偏好促进了坚持 (摩洛哥,希腊).
结论:
- 各国对地中海饮食的坚持有很大差异,并受到各种因素的复杂相互作用的影响.
- 对健康的积极态度至关重要,但必须解决挑饮食,成本和便利等障碍.
- 定制的,国家特定的干预和政策对于有效推广地中海饮食原则至关重要.
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