在癌细胞中依赖谷氨的途径
1T.T. Berezov Department of Biochemistry, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia.
International journal of molecular sciences
|August 10, 2024
概括
谷氨 (GSH) 和其酶,谷氨过氧化酶 (GPxs) 和谷氨S转移酶 (GST) 在癌症的发展和耐药性方面至关重要. 向这些分子的抑制剂在癌症治疗方面表现有前途.
科学领域:
- 生物化学 生物化学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 在瘤学瘤学.
背景情况:
- 谷氨 (GSH),一个关键的三,和相关的酶,如谷氨过氧化酶 (GPxs) 和谷氨S转移酶 (GSTs) 在细胞过程中起着至关重要的作用.
- 这些分子在调节瘤细胞活力,癌症发病,进展和抗疗能力方面发挥着重要作用.
研究的目的:
- 本综述讨论了最近关于GSH合成的发现,GPxs和GSTs在癌症发展中的功能.
- 它还探讨了针对GST和GPx酶用于新型癌症治疗的潜力.
主要方法:
- 最近科学发现的文献综述.
- 分析GSH,GPxs和GST在癌症中的作用和功能.
- 探索针对这些分子的潜在治疗策略.
主要成果:
- 癌症中GSH合成的增加与g-glutamyl循环酶的表达增加和氨基酸运输的改变有关.
- 通过减少氧化物,GPxs对于细胞活力至关重要,在维持氧化还原平衡方面有着独特的作用.
- GSTs将GSH与电友结合,减少氧化物,调节信号通路,并通过S-glutathionylation影响细胞过程,如新陈代谢和药物耐药性.
结论:
- GSH,GPxs和GST是癌症发展,进展和耐药性的关键调节者.
- 了解它们的功能为开发向癌症治疗提供了基础.
- 寻找有效的GST和GPx抑制剂是癌症治疗的一个有希望的途径.
相关概念视频
01:31The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
6.4K
Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
6.4K
03:03mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression
3.8K
The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
The mTOR pathway or the...
3.8K
02:53Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells
5.7K
Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
5.7K
01:46Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II
12.5K
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
12.5K
01:19Interactions Between Signaling Pathways
6.2K
Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
6.2K
01:05Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes
7.3K
Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
7.3K