在日本从2016年到2023年QX类传染性支气管炎病毒的分子流行研究
Makoto Nakanishi1, Akira Kayaba2, Junichi Soma2
1JA Zen-noh (National Federation of Agricultural Co-operative Associations) Institute of Animal Health, Sakura, Chiba 285-0043, Japan, nakanishi-makoto-z@zennoh.or.jp.
Avian diseases
|August 10, 2024
概括
类似QX的传染性支气管炎病毒 (IBV) 正在日本迅速传播. 一项全国性的调查发现,在肉和养场中发现了QX类IBV,这表明需要采取紧急控制措施.
科学领域:
- 兽医病毒学 兽医病毒学
- 禽类疾病流行病学
背景情况:
- 传染性支气管炎病毒 (IBV) 在全球家禽行业造成重大经济损失.
- 类似QX的基因型 (GI-19血统) 已经成为一种抗原变体,导致广泛的流行病.
- 以前的报道表明,QX型IBV在日本九州地区存在,需要进行全国范围的流行率评估.
研究的目的:
- 确定日本QX型IBV的全国流行率.
- 为了在遗传上表征日本QX型IBV菌株.
- 开发一种诊断工具,以区分QX型IBV与日本其他流行IBV变种.
主要方法:
- 在2016年4月至2022年3月期间,对419个RT-PCR阳性IBV野外样本 (和肉) 的分析.
- 从122个层农场 (2022年11月至2023年1月) 进行全国性便样本调查.
- 对S1基因的遗传学分析和开发一种新的RT-PCR测定方法.
主要成果:
- 类似QX的IBV在2019年和2021年在一个地区的肉样本中被检测到.
- 在不同地区的七层农场中发现了QX类IBV的基因.
- 遗传学分析证实了与最近的中国和韩国菌株的遗传关系.
- 新的RT-PCR试验有效地区分了QX样IBV与其他流行的日本IBV变种.
结论:
- 类似QX的IBV正在日本全国范围内积极蔓延.
- 日本的QX型IBV菌株与东亚发现的IBV菌株有遗传联系.
- 有效的对策对于控制QX型IBV在日本的传播至关重要.
相关概念视频
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs
14.6K
A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
14.6K
Infection
11.6K
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
11.6K
Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence
94
Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable...
94
Investigation of Disease Outbreaks
74
Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...
74
Atypical Pneumonia
84
Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease...
84
Influenza
87
Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
87


