在成人和儿科创伤患者的RhD-Alloimmunization
Richard R Gammon1, Nour Almozain2, Daniela Hermelin3
1OneBlood, Orlando, FL, USA.
Transfusion medicine reviews
|August 10, 2024
概括
在接受RhD阳性输血的RhD阴性创伤患者中,RhD配免疫的风险差异很大,从0%到94%. 目前的指导方针缺乏针对 RhD 阴性患者的具体建议,强调需要进一步研究.
科学领域:
- 输血医学 输血医学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 创伤护理 创伤护理
背景情况:
- 将RhD阳性血液产品输给RhD阴性个体可以导致与免疫接种,这是患者护理的一个重大问题.
- 目前的美国护理标准缺乏针对未知血型的创伤患者输血决定的RhD类型的具体指导,除了孕妇和新生儿.
- 报告的所有免疫率在3%至70%之间,这表明需要更清楚地了解特定患者群体的情况.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定RhD阴性创伤患者输血RhD阳性血液制品的抗D合免疫的患病率.
- 在创伤环境中,综合现有关于不同类型血液产品 (全血,红细胞,血小板) 的RhD配免疫率的证据.
- 确定影响与免疫接种的因素,并突出目前对 RhD 阴性创伤患者的输血指南中的差距.
主要方法:
- 按照系统审查和元分析 (PRISMA) 准则的首选报告项目进行系统审查.
- 在2022年4月3日之前进行了全面的数据库搜索,并补充了其他相关文章.
- 纳入标准侧重于报告在接受 RhD 阳性输血的创伤患者中抗D 合免疫的流行率的研究.
主要成果:
- 抗D类共免疫的发生率有显著的变化:全血为7.8%42.7%,红细胞为0%94%和血小板为0%19%.
- 所有免疫率随着年龄的增长而增加,主要在5岁以上的儿童中检测到.
- 现有的指导方针建议Rh免疫球蛋白 (RhIG) 用于孕妇创伤患者,但缺乏针对接受RhD阳性成分的非孕妇RhD阴性个体的具体指导.
结论:
- 在RhD阴性创伤患者中,RhD配免疫的患病率是高度可变的,受到许多因素的影响.
- 在所有 RhD 阴性创伤患者中,有必要制定具体的输血指南,解决与 RhD 不兼容的输血问题.
- 进一步的研究,可能利用大数据方法,对于开发定制的输血策略和了解 RhIG 在创伤环境中的作用至关重要.
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