减重对心血管系统的影响:系统性审查和元分析
Rafaella Mendes Zambetta1, Étore De Favari Signini1, Gabriela Nagai Ocamoto1,2
1Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
微重力对宇航员的心血管健康产生负面影响,导致功能障碍和改变自主调制. 这些效应与衰老相似,在太空飞行期间和之后增加心血管疾病的风险.
科学领域:
- 心血管生理学心血管生理学
- 太空医学 太空医学
- 自主神经科学 自主神经科学
背景情况:
- 微重力诱导心血管变化,包括流体转移,心脏功能障碍和血管重塑.
- 改变心血管自主调制 (CAM) 和脱空影响宇航员的表现和健康.
- 在太空任务期间,体重不足对心血管系统构成重大风险.
研究的目的:
- 确定微重力和基于地球的模拟对心血管解剖和功能的急性和慢性影响.
- 在模拟和实际无重量状态下分析心血管自主调制 (CAM) 的变化.
- 综合现有关于微重力对心血管健康影响的研究.
主要方法:
- 在主要的科学数据库 (CINAHL,Cochrane,Scopus,PubMed,Web of Science) 进行系统的文献搜索.
- 将研究分类为太空飞行 (SF),慢性模拟 (CS) 和急性模拟 (AS) 条件.
- 对常见结果进行元分析,对其他结果进行定性综合,比较无重量和对照组.
主要成果:
- 分析结果显示,SF和CS中心率增加,CS中心输出量和中风量降低,AS中静脉压力降低.
- 定性合成显示,在SF中关静脉大小增加和动脉CSA增加.
- 心率变化和巴罗反射灵敏度在SF和CS中普遍下降,但在AS中增加.
结论:
- 体重不足显著损害了宇航员的心血管健康,反映了衰老和不运动的影响.
- 这些心血管变化可能会增加太空飞行后心血管疾病的风险.
- 了解这些影响对于减轻太空探索中的健康风险至关重要.
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