从使用变压器模型的肺癌查患者的放射学报告中提取肺结节和结节特征
Shuang Yang1, Xi Yang1, Tianchen Lyu1
1Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA.
Journal of healthcare informatics research
|August 12, 2024
概括
这项研究开发了一个自然语言处理 (NLP) 系统,使用变压器模型从放射学报告中提取肺结节信息. 该系统在识别结节及其特征方面取得了高精度,改善了用于肺癌检测的数据标准化.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 自然语言处理自然语言处理.
- 放射学 放射学是一门学科.
背景情况:
- 肺结节信息对于评估肺癌恶性病变至关重要.
- 这些数据通常是无结构的,存在于临床叙述中的自由文本,如放射学报告.
- 有效地提取这些信息对于患者护理和研究至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 开发和评估一种自然语言处理 (NLP) 系统,用于从放射学报告中提取肺结节和特征数据.
- 利用最先进的变压器模型来增强临床概念提取和关系识别.
主要方法:
- 分析了3080名接受LDCT的患者队列,其中394份报告被手动注释为黄金标准.
- 八个变压器模型 (BERT,RoBERTa,ALBERT) 和GatorTron被用于概念提取,关系识别和否定检测.
- 性能与基线模型进行了比较,包括双向长期短期记忆 (BiLSTM-CRF) 和支持矢量机器 (SVM).
主要成果:
- 罗伯塔模仿在结节和特征提取方面获得了最高的F1得分 (0.9279).
- 阿尔伯特基和GatorTron在将特征与结节结合方面表现出色 (F1得分为0.9737).
- 七种变压器模型在否定检测方面获得了完美的F1评分 (1.0000),端到端系统的整体F1评分为0.8869.
结论:
- 最先进的变压器模型为从临床文本中提取肺结节信息提供了显著的优势.
- 开发的NLP系统在标准化非结构化放射学报告中的关键数据方面表现出很高的性能.
- 这一进步可以提高肺结节分析和肺癌风险评估的效率和准确性.
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