在幼儿中发展乐观的期望
Laura Hennefield1, Lori Markson1
1Washington University, USA.
Cognitive development
|August 12, 2024
概括
孩子们表现出乐观,喜欢积极的结果,对自己比其他人更乐观. 这种童年乐观受年龄,社会经济地位和抑郁症状的影响.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 儿童心理学 儿童心理学
背景情况:
- 乐观,一种认知偏见,影响学习,应对挑战和弹性.
- 虽然在成年人中普遍存在,但童年乐观主义仍未得到充分研究.
- 了解早期的乐观情绪对于发展洞察至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查幼儿 (3-6岁) 的乐观情绪.
- 检查儿童的乐观是如何受到概率信息的影响.
- 确定影响儿童乐观情绪的因素.
主要方法:
- 一个多元化的社区样本152名3-6岁的儿童参加了.
- 进行了两个实验:一个基于故事的,一个基于数值概率的.
- 儿童对事件结果的期望在不同的概率下进行了评估.
主要成果:
- 孩子们表现出显著的乐观情绪,预测更多的积极结果.
- 自我预测的乐观情绪比对他人预测的乐观情绪更大.
- 乐观情绪随着年龄的增长而增加,显示出更好地整合了概率信息.
- 社会经济背景和抑郁症状与乐观的差异有关.
结论:
- 儿童本质上是乐观的,这种偏见随着年龄的增长而演变.
- 社会经济地位和心理健康等因素会影响儿童的乐观情绪.
- 研究结果提供了对儿童面向未来的推理和乐观发展的见解.
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