跨移民一代的工资差异:教育,隔离或不平等的薪酬?
JooHee Han1, Are Skeie Hermansen1
1JooHee Han is Researcher in the Department of Sociology and Human Geography at the University of Oslo. Are Skeie Hermansen is Professor of Sociology in the Department of Sociology and Human Geography at the University of Oslo and Researcher in the Swedish Institute for Social Research at Stockholm University.
概括
移民及其子女在挪威的工资差距主要是由于职业隔离,而不是同样工作的不平等报酬. 这些工资劣势在移民一代之间显著下降.
科学领域:
- 劳动经济学 劳动经济学
- 移民社会学 移民社会学
- 人力资本理论 人力资本理论
背景情况:
- 移民及其本地出生的子女往往会经历与本地出生的人口相比的工资处罚.
- 了解这些工资差异的驱动因素,如教育,职业隔离或工资不平等,对于有效的政策至关重要.
- 现有的研究尚未完全阐明导致不同移民世代和劳动力市场部分工资差距的具体机制.
研究的目的:
- 调查挪威的移民-本土工资差异是否归因于教育资格的差异,劳动力市场的隔离或同等工作的不平等报酬.
- 检查这些工资差异如何根据移民一代 (第一代和第二代) 变化.
- 分析这些差异是否在劳动力市场的各个细分市场之间存在差异.
主要方法:
- 利用挪威的雇主与员工相关数据,丰富的数据集允许分析个体工人特征和企业级信息.
- 采用计量经济学技术来分辨教育程度,职业和企业分离以及职位内薪酬差异对工资差距的贡献.
- 比较不同移民一代和不同劳动力市场部门的工资差异.
主要成果:
- 移民-本土工资差异主要是由分类到低薪职业和机构驱动的,而不是同一个工作的不平等报酬.
- 移民背景工人的工资劣势在连续几代移民中大幅减少.
- 移民背景工人,特别是第二代工人,在同一个雇主的同一任务时,获得与本地工人相当的工资.
- 对于大学毕业生,专业人士和公共部门来说,工作分类似乎更加优秀,而就业内薪酬差异在各个市场部分保持一致.
结论:
- 移民及其子女在挪威的工资不平等的主要驱动因素是职业和企业的隔离,而不是类似工作的工资歧视.
- 整合政策应侧重于促进获得高薪职业的机会,减少隔离,以减轻工资差距.
- 调查结果表明,在类似工作的报酬方面,有一定程度的功利主义,特别是对于受过高等教育的个人和某些行业,但强调了移民群体进入就业市场和进步的持续挑战.
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