篮球的认知发展和决策:智力障碍和无智力障碍的男性球员之间的比较以及不同年龄组的比较
Javier Pinilla-Arbex1, Javier Pérez-Tejero2, Debbie Van Biesen3
1Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Comillas Pontifical University, Alcobendas, Spain.
Journal of human kinetics
|August 12, 2024
概括
智力障碍 (II) 显著减缓了决策时间,并降低了成年男性篮球运动员的准确性. 篮球决策技能随着年龄和经验的增长而提高,但在II型球员中显著受损.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 关于残疾人的研究.
背景情况:
- 决策在篮球中至关重要.
- 智力障碍 (II) 对体育决策的影响尚不清楚.
- 年龄和经验是影响体育运动认知表现的已知因素.
研究的目的:
- 研究年龄和智力障碍 (II) 在篮球决策中的作用.
- 为了比较不同年龄组的II和没有II的男性篮球运动员之间的决策表现.
- 确定决策能力是否能够区分具有和没有II的参与者.
主要方法:
- 使用了基于计算机的测试,呈现了20个篮球比赛情况.
- 参与者决定是否滴球,传球或尽可能快速准确地射击.
- 对93名II级成年男性球员,44名没有II级的老年球员和106名青少年球员 (U14,U16,U18) 记录了决策时间和准确性.
主要成果:
- 与没有II的高级玩家相比,II的玩家表现出明显较慢的决策时间 (3.8±1.8秒) 和较低的准确性 (15.7正确决策) 与II (1.5秒,17.9正确决策).
- 差别分析正确地将91.2%的玩家分为基于决策速度和准确性的组.
- 年龄与决策准确性正相关 (rs = 0.269),与决策时间负相关 (rs = -0.331).
结论:
- 篮球决策技能随着年龄和经验而发展.
- 智力障碍显著影响成年男性篮球运动员的决策速度和准确性.
- 决策能力应考虑在竞争篮球的资格,男性球员与II.
更多相关视频
09:01A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
Published on: May 7, 2014
10.2K
07:01Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
Published on: September 20, 2020
4.7K
相关概念视频
01:30Cognitive Development During Adulthood
72
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
72
01:24Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition
28
A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
28
01:30Information Processing Approach
33
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
33
01:29Intellectual Disability
46
Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
46
01:18Cognitive Development During Adolescence
49
During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
49
01:30Biological Influences on Intelligence
84
Intelligence is often thought to be linked to brain size, but the relationship is more complex than that. While brain size does correlate modestly with some abilities, like verbal skills, the connection is weaker for others, such as spatial reasoning. Other factors, like brain structure, also play crucial roles. For instance, despite Einstein's smaller-than-average brain, his parietal cortex, which is involved in spatial reasoning, was 15% wider, suggesting that neural density might matter...
84