童年精神分裂症的历史和自闭症的教训
1Department of Politics, Philosophy and Religion, County South, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YL, UK. m.fellowes1@lancaster.ac.uk.
History and philosophy of the life sciences
|August 12, 2024
概括
这篇历史综述考察了儿童精神分裂症诊断 (1930年代-1970年代),详细介绍了其亚型,诊断转变和最终的放弃. 它为现代自闭症研究和精神病诊断制定提供了课程.
科学领域:
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 医学史 医学史 的历史
背景情况:
- 儿童精神分裂症是从20世纪30年代到20世纪70年代后期在美国普遍存在的诊断.
- 儿童精神分裂症的早期概念包括基于发病年龄和精神病类型的不同亚型.
- 诊断景观不断发展,最终导致儿童精神分裂症作为一个独特的类别被放弃.
研究的目的:
- 提供美国儿童精神分裂症诊断的历史记录.
- 分析儿童精神分裂症的各种亚型的发展和划界.
- 挑战关于儿童精神分裂症的误解,并为当代精神病学,特别是关于自闭症的精神病学吸取教训.
主要方法:
- 关于儿童精神分裂症的精神病学文献和诊断实践的历史分析.
- 检查儿童精神病学家对子类型及其特征的不同看法.
- 追踪诊断类别放弃的过程.
主要成果:
- 诊断中出现了不同的亚型,主要根据发病年龄和感知到的精神病特征进行区分.
- 关于这些亚型,精神病医生之间存在着重大的辩论和不同的意见.
- 该类别最终被放弃,突出了诊断配方中的潜在问题.
结论:
- 童年精神分裂症的历史揭示了基于假定的原因制定精神病诊断的挑战.
- 学习的经验可以为自闭症诊断的现代方法提供信息,强调需要灵活的诊断标准.
- 历史上的先例表明,精神病学亚型可以是动态的,而不仅仅是基于功能水平.
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