儿童早期持续关注的自然主义模式:发育特征和与执行功能的纵向关联
Denise M Werchan1, Annie Brandes-Aitken2, Seulki Ku3
1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine.
Developmental psychology
|August 12, 2024
概括
孩子 孩子 孩子 孩子
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
背景情况:
- 持续的注意力在幼儿时代迅速发展,影响认知和社会情感结果.
- 之前关于持续注意力的研究忽视了共享目标和个人目标之间的相互作用.
- 了解注意力权衡对于预测发育轨迹至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在自然主义的背景下研究持续关注的纵向模式.
- 检查儿童在共同阅读期间注意力如何在共同目标和个人目标之间转移.
- 识别注意力的发展特征及其与执行功能的关联.
主要方法:
- 在1290名来自农村低收入地区的儿童 (49%为女性,43%为黑人) 的纵向研究.
- 自然主义者分享图书阅读任务,以评估24个月和35个月的持续注意力.
- 隐藏的个人资料分析,以确定不同的注意力轨迹.
- 执行职能在48个月后进行评估.
主要成果:
- 确定了四个注意力轨迹的发展特征.
- 个人资料在转向社会导向与个人导向的注意力方面有所不同.
- 第四个个人资料显示,这两种注意力类型都有非典型的下降.
- 注意力概况预测了48个月的执行功能.
- 增加社会导向的注意力与更高的执行功能相关.
- 非典型的注意力下降与显著的执行功能缺陷有关.
结论:
- 在自然主义环境中存在着持续关注的明显的纵向模式.
- 注意力配置文件的异质性预测了随后的执行功能.
- 这种以人为中心的方法提供了关于注意力在执行功能发展中的作用的见解.
- 这些发现可能有助于识别患有非规范性发育轨迹风险的儿童.
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