在Zagros南部的中古石器时代Ghar-e Boof的野生谷物收获上下文化
Simone Riehl1,2, Doğa Karakaya3,4, Mohsen Zeidi5,6
1Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment at the University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstrasse 23, 72070, Tübingen, Germany. simone.riehl@senckenberg.de.
Scientific reports
|August 13, 2024
概括
在伊朗的古石器时代的狩猎采集者利用了野生谷物和豆类,但大约72,000年前的环境变化导致了它们的衰退. 这项研究揭示了气候变化如何影响早期人类的饮食和资源使用.
科学领域:
- 考古植物学 考古植物学
- 古石器时代的考古学考古学
- 环境考古学环境考古学
背景情况:
- 伊朗的Ghar-e Boof洞穴遗址提供了一个丰富的平流图序列,涵盖了大约80,00030,000 BP.
- 超过2万种种子和青的遗骸提供了洞见古石器时代的狩猎采集者生存策略.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究古石器时代群体使用的一年种物种的演变.
- 了解环境条件变化对植物资源开发的影响.
主要方法:
- 对大型考古植物组合的分析 (种子和的遗骸).
- 在Pistacia (Pistachio) 遗留物中进行稳定碳同位素分析.
- 放射性碳测年法和光学刺激发光法 (OSL) 测年法用于时间控制.
主要成果:
- 在海洋同位素阶段 (MIS) 5a和MIS 3之间发生了显著的环境变化,由分类学转移和同位素数据证明.
- 麦和大种子豆类的野生祖先在中古石器时代 (AH VI,7281 ka BP) 层中丰富,与MIS 5a到MIS 4的过渡相吻合.
- 这些关键类型随着MIS 4的出现而急剧下降,与全球二氧化碳度下降和Pistacia稳定碳同位素值相关.
- 野生麦在中古石器时代 AH Vb.层之后完全消失.
结论:
- 中古石器时代的生存利基,依赖于野生谷物和豆类,可能因为MIS 4早期的植被不稳定而结束.
- 与气候变化和减少的二氧化碳相关的环境不稳定性大大改变了早期人类关键植物资源的可用性.
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