早期,典型和迟说话者:对生命前两年的语言发展预测因素的探索性研究
Maria Grazia Logrieco1, Ilaria Nicolì2, Maria Spinelli2
1Department of Humanities, University of Foggia, Foggia, Apulia, Italy.
F1000Research
|August 14, 2024
概括
早期语言发育预测因素可以在3个月的年轻时被识别出来. 婴儿时期的语音产生,目光和手势可以预测以后的词汇量,有助于早期识别迟或早说话的儿童.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 语言学的语言学.
- 儿童发展 儿童发展
背景情况:
- 儿童表现出独特的语言发展路径,具有共同的阶段.
- 语言能力的个体差异是获取研究的一个关键挑战.
- 确定影响这些差异的因素至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 探索儿童词汇量大小的早期预测因素.
- 通过分析婴儿的互动行为来识别语言结果的前体.
- 为了比较早期和迟谈的人与典型的谈话者.
主要方法:
- 对30名3至24个月的儿童进行了纵向观察.
- 在3,6,9和12个月时评估语音生产,对母亲脸部的凝视和手势生产.
- 母亲在15个月和18个月时报告孩子的行为/手势和感受词汇.
主要成果:
- 24个月的词汇大小的早期前体在声乐制作中早在3个月就已被确定.
- 6个月的母亲脸上的凝视预测了语言结果.
- 12个月的手势制作也被确定为早期预测者.
结论:
- 迟到或早说话者的早期指标可以在生命的第一年确定.
- 这一发育期对于理解语言学习具有重要意义.
- 早期识别词汇发展预测因素对于及时干预至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:22Language Development
329
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
329
01:27Language and Cognition
339
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
339
01:21The Nativist Approach
38
The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to...
38
01:16Language
206
Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
206
01:27Introduction to Developmental Psychology
222
Developmental psychology explores the changes and continuities in human abilities throughout life, encompassing physical, cognitive, linguistic, and social dimensions. Human development is not restricted to growth, but includes aspects of decline, particularly in physical abilities as individuals age. Developmental psychologists seek to understand how people change as they age and how their mental and social skills evolve.
Developmental Milestones
A key concept in developmental psychology is...
Developmental Milestones
A key concept in developmental psychology is...
222
01:30Socioemotional Development during Infancy
52
Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
Primary Temperament Types
Primary Temperament Types
52