自闭症和就业挑战:双重同情问题和自闭症员工在工作场所的感知
Kathryn A Szechy1, Pamela D Turk2, Lisa A O'Donnell3
1Faculty of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences, School of Social Work, University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada.
Autism in adulthood : challenges and management
|August 14, 2024
概括
自闭症成年人比非自闭症成年人更好地理解自闭症同事,支持双重同情问题. 这表明,工作场所的社会挑战源于相互误解,而不是自闭症缺陷,有助于就业.
科学领域:
- 神经多样性和社会相互作用研究.
- 自闭症研究和工作场所的包容.
背景情况:
- 自闭症成年人面临着高失业率,通常是由于非自闭症工作场所的社会功能困难.
- 传统的解释将这些挑战归因于自闭症心理理论 (ToM) 缺陷.
- 双重同情问题 (DEP) 提出自闭症和非自闭症个体之间的相互误解会导致社会困难.
研究的目的:
- 将思维理论 (ToM) 缺陷解释与双重同情问题 (DEP) 进行比较,以解释自闭症社会功能.
- 在非自闭症工作场所背景下调查自闭症员工的社会功能.
主要方法:
- 比较了自闭症和非自闭症参与者对自闭症员工工作场所行为的解释.
- 采用了254名参与者 (81名自闭症患者,173名非自闭症患者) 的视频研究.
- 参与者回答了关于假设自闭症员工的行为和情绪状态的开放式问题.
主要成果:
- 自闭症参与者 (50.7%) 在解释自闭症员工的行为方面比非自闭症参与者 (31.2%) 更准确.
- 自我报告的自闭症特征较高与自闭症参与者之间更好的行为解释相关.
- 在非自闭症参与者中观察到相反的相关性.
结论:
- 这些发现支持双重同情问题 (DEP),挑战基于缺陷的自闭症社会功能模型.
- 结果表明,社会挑战源于不同的神经社会沟通风格 (相互误解).
- 在工作场所解决DEP可以减少自闭症成年人的就业障碍.
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