西班牙裔在医疗保健寻求行为和决策偏好的差异:跨种族/种族,SES和提供者类型的比较研究
Cheryl Lin1, Alejandra Mella-Velazquez1, Wendy E Braund2
1Policy and Organizational Management Program, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare
|August 14, 2024
概括
在获得医疗保健方面,种族差异仍然存在,特别是在收入较高的少数群体中. 解决这些不平等问题需要量身定制的支持和包容性服务,以改善所有人口的健康结果.
科学领域:
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
- 健康差异 在健康上的差异
- 卫生社会学 卫生社会学
背景情况:
- 西班牙裔是美国最大的少数群体,面临着严重的健康差异.
- 现有研究表明,在种族和族群之间,医疗保健的获取和利用率存在差异.
- 社会经济地位 (SES) 显著影响寻求医疗保健的行为和经验.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较西班牙裔,亚洲裔,黑人和白人群体的医疗保健寻求行为和患者选择经验.
- 通过不同社会经济地位 (收入,教育,保险) 来分析这些行为.
- 检查五种类型的医疗保健提供者 (HCP) 寻求护理的变化.
主要方法:
- 对1485名成年人进行了一项横截面在线调查.
- 参与者包括314名西班牙裔,313名亚裔,316名黑人,542名白人.
- 收集的数据包括对初级保健,牙医,眼科医生,妇科医生和专家的访问频率,以及对医疗保健工作人员自选的重要性和找到医疗保健工作人员的困难.
主要成果:
- 白人报告了对所有类型的医疗保健工作者的访问频率最高.
- 西班牙裔和亚洲裔报告说,自我选择医疗保健提供者的重要性较低,并且与白人和黑人相比,他们遇到了更多的困难.
- 白人和少数群体之间的访问频率差异在高SES群体中更为明显,收入和保险类型与寻求护理的困难有很大关系.
结论:
- 医疗保健的使用受收入和教育的影响,但种族差异仍然存在,特别是在社会经济地位较高的群体中.
- 医疗保健获取和结果的变化与SES和提供者类型有关.
- 对文化敏感的患者教育,导航支持和包容性服务对于减轻少数群体和弱势群体面临的障碍至关重要.
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