神经认知潜伏因素与早期烟草和酒精使用有关 青少年大脑认知发展研究 青少年研究
Stephanie K Jones1, Mary Lauren Benton2, Bethany J Wolf3
1Department of Public Health, Baylor University, Waco, Texas.
概括
青春期前的认知能力预测了青少年吸毒. 较高的认知能力保护了烟草,但增加了酒精使用的可能性,观察到性别差异.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 药物使用研究研究 药物使用研究
背景情况:
- 青少年前期神经认知结构与青少年物质使用的联系仍未得到充分研究.
- 了解早期认知预测因素对于药物使用预防策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 检查青春期前的认知结构与青少年对烟草和酒精的试验之间的潜在关联.
- 确定可能影响开始使用物质的特定认知领域.
主要方法:
- 在一个大队列 (n=9,655) 的9-10岁的青少年中,对9个神经认知评估进行了主要组件分析 (PCA).
- 用通用线性混合模型来评估13-14岁时识别的认知组件和物质使用之间的关联.
- 共同变量包括人口统计,家庭冲突,社区安全和行为因素.
主要成果:
- 确定了四个神经认知组成部分:一般能力,执行功能,学习和记忆,以及心理旋转.
- 心理旋转能力与较低的吸烟几率相关 (OR=0.88,p=0.013),特别是在女性中.
- 一般能力 (OR=1.20,p<0.0001) 和学习/记忆 (OR=1.11,p=0.024在女性中) 与增加酒精使用的几率有关.
结论:
- 更高的青少年前期神经认知表现表明,对青少年吸烟的保护作用.
- 相反,增强的认知能力与青少年使用酒精的可能性更高有关.
- 这些发现表明了潜在的性别差异,并突出了认知在塑造年轻人在社会背景下对物质使用的期望中的作用.
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