微粒物质对健康的影响 由于中国的城市化而发生的物质转移
Zhaolei Zhang1, Shuai Wang1, Wenxuan Yu1
1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China.
Environmental science & technology
|August 14, 2024
概括
非城市地区是中国细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 污染和相关死亡的主要来源. 尽管减少了排放量,但城市化改变了健康影响,强调了对环境公平的需要.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 大气化学 大气化学
背景情况:
- 快速的城市化和工业化在城市和非城市地区之间造成了多样化的空气污染暴露和健康风险.
- 对空气污染和健康益处的缓解努力显示出显著的区域差异.
- 了解城市化中的空气污染物变化和健康影响对于环境公平至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 区分和量化来自中国城市和非城市地区的人为排放.
- 评估这些排放对细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 度的贡献.
- 分析2010年至2019年过早死亡率的相关变化.
主要方法:
- 使用国内生产总值 (GDP) 和人口加权方法来区分城市和非城市的人为排放.
- 采用社区多级空气质量 (CMAQ) 模型来量化PM2.5的贡献.
- 分析了与排放变化相关的PM2.5相关的过早死亡率.
主要成果:
- 人为排放量从2010年到2019年减少了26% (城市) 和44% (非城市).
- 由于排放量减少,PM2.5度减少了31% (中国总量).
- 与PM2.5相关的过早死亡率总体下降了8%;非城市排放导致PM2.5的56%,死亡率为59%.
- 非城市地区主要出现过早死亡 (37-42%);由于人口变化,城市死亡比例增加 (7-19%).
结论:
- 非城市人为活动是中国PM2.5和相关死亡率的主要驱动因素.
- 虽然整体PM2.5和死亡率下降,但城市化和人口转移正在改变健康影响的分布.
- 解决环境公平问题需要有针对性的战略,考虑到城市与非城市排放的不同贡献和影响.
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