多瘤病毒ALTOs,但不是MTs,通过激活NF-κB通路来降低病毒早期基因表达的调节
Nicholas J H Salisbury1, Supriya Amonkar1, Joselyn Landazuri Vinueza1,2
1Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center Seattle, WA 98109.
概括
默克尔细胞多瘤病毒替代LT开放读取框架 (ALTOs) 通过激活NF-κB信号和降低病毒转录的调节,起到瘤抑制作用. 对默克尔细胞癌的发展而言,ALTO沉默至关重要.
科学领域:
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 多种病毒是涉及癌症的dsDNA病毒,具有替代拼接产生瘤抗原,如大 (LT) 和小 (ST) 瘤抗原.
- 一些多重病毒表达中间瘤抗原 (MTs) 或替代LT开放阅读框架 (ALTOs),它们具有不同的基因结构和作用.
- 默克尔细胞多细胞瘤病毒 (MCPyV) 编码了一个ALTO,但其在病毒生命周期和癌症发展中的功能仍然未知.
研究的目的:
- 研究MCPyV ALTO在病毒生命周期和瘤发生中的作用.
- 确定MCPyV ALTO影响癌细胞生长和信号通路的机制.
- 探索ALTOs在其他多重病毒中的进化保存和功能.
主要方法:
- 在默克尔细胞癌 (MCC) 细胞中进行功能性测试,以评估ALTO对细胞生长和信号传递的影响.
- 生物化学分析以确定ALTO的交互合作伙伴,如SQSTM1和TRAF2&3.
- 电泳运动转移试验 (EMSA) 和报告试验用于研究NF-κB激活和结合病毒非编码控制区域 (NCCR).
- 在不同的多重病毒中对ALTO和MT序列进行比较分析.
主要成果:
- MCPyV ALTO作为一种瘤抑制剂,在MCC中被静止.
- 在MCC细胞中恢复MCPyV ALTO表达诱导了生长停止和激活NF-κB信号传递.
- ALTO通过N终端激活区域 (NTAR1+2) 通过结合SQSTM1和TRAF2&3激活NF-κB,类似于EBV LMP1.1.
- 激活的NF-κB通过结合MCPyV NCCR来降低病毒早期转录的调节.
- 在其他多重瘤病毒ALTO中保存的NTAR动机调解NF-κB激活和病毒转录的下调,这是MT中缺少的特征.
结论:
- MCPyV ALTO作为瘤抑制剂,其沉默是MCC发展的关键一步.
- ALTOs进化以抑制病毒复制并促进潜伏,利用NF-κB通过NTAR动机激活.
- 了解ALTO的功能,可以了解多重瘤病毒相关的癌症以及潜在的治疗策略.
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