亚洲国家废水中A型肝炎和E型肝炎病毒的流行率
Sunayana Raya1, Sarmila Tandukar2, Hari Prasad Kattel3
1Department of Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan.
The Science of the total environment
|August 14, 2024
概括
废水监测显示,亚洲各国的甲型肝炎病毒 (HAV) 和乙型肝炎病毒 (HEV) 患病率存在显著的地理差异. 这些发现凸显了针对性公共卫生战略的必要性,以有效打击病毒性肝炎.
科学领域:
- 环境病毒学环境病毒学
- 公共卫生监督是对公共卫生的监督.
- 传染病流行病学 传染病流行病学
背景情况:
- 甲型肝炎病毒 (HAV) 和乙型肝炎病毒 (HEV) 构成了持续的全球卫生挑战.
- 目前对HAV的监测和疫苗疗效评估在许多地区是不够的.
- 废水监测为跟踪病毒流行提供了有价值的工具.
研究的目的:
- 评估亚洲发达国家,发展中国家和最不发达国家中HAV和HEV的流行率.
- 利用废水作为这些病毒的公共卫生监测工具.
- 了解HAV和HEV在研究区域的地理分布.
主要方法:
- 在2022年4月至10月期间,从六个亚洲国家 (尼泊尔,印度尼西亚,泰国,越南,菲律宾,日本) 收集了232个未经处理的废水样本.
- 使用离心或聚乙烯糖醇沉的缩病毒.
- 提取病毒RNA并进行逆转录量聚合酶链反应 (RT-qPCR) 检测HAV和HEV.
主要成果:
- 在尼泊尔 (51% HAV,2% HEV),泰国 (3% HAV,3% HEV) 和日本 (1% HAV,24% HEV) 检测到HAV和HEVRNA.
- 印度尼西亚的HAV患病率为11%,而越南和菲律宾的HEV患病率分别为15%和12%.
- 在采样国家中观察到HAV和HEV检测率的显著地理变异.
结论:
- 废水监测有效地确定了亚洲HAV和HEV流行率的地理差异.
- 该研究强调了针对特定的国家病毒性肝炎负担量身定制的本地公共卫生干预措施的必要性.
- 这些发现支持继续使用基于废水的流行病学来监测肠道病毒循环.
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