为新生儿提供以家庭为中心的护理:全球视角和审查
Saverio Bellizzi1, Catello M Panu Napodano1, Paola Murgia1
1Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy.
以家庭为中心的新生儿护理,强调最小的母婴分离和父母参与,显著改善婴儿的生存率和福祉,特别是在资源有限的环境中. 这种方法促进了更强大的父母婴儿纽带,并减少了医疗保健负担.
科学领域:
- 新生儿健康 新生儿健康
- 母婴健康 母婴健康
- 医疗保健系统研究 医疗保健系统研究
背景情况:
- 以人为中心的护理模式解决了新生儿,家庭和卫生系统的复杂需求.
- 在低收入和中等收入国家,具有成本效益的模式对于新生儿的生存至关重要.
- 以家庭为中心的新生儿护理优先考虑家庭的需求和权利,包括不分离.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查国家在实施和扩展以家庭为中心的新生儿护理模式方面的经验.
- 探索各种医疗保健环境中的实施促进者和挑战.
- 确定改变新生儿护理的最佳实践.
主要方法:
- 对以患者为中心的护理和新生儿 (1990-2023) 的研究进行系统审查.
- 在MEDLINE,CINAHL,EMBASE和PsycINFO数据库中进行了搜索.
- 利用世界卫生组织的框架分析了41项包含的研究.
主要成果:
- 立即,不间断的皮肤对皮肤的护理 (袋鼠姿势) 增强了母乳养,减少了产后抑郁症,并防止了感染/住院治疗.
- 父母的参与和依恋通过亲密的身体接触得到加强.
- 关键策略包括尽量减少母亲和孩子的分离,让父亲参与其中,并赋予父母权力.
结论:
- 从以提供者为中心的新生儿护理转向以人为中心的新生儿护理的模式转变在全球范围内是可行的和有益的.
- 为了促进母婴关系,政治承诺和支持政策至关重要.
- 以家庭为中心的护理提高了卫生系统的尊严,效率和响应能力.
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