从障碍转向差异:自闭症研究中最近语言使用的系统审查
Summer B Bottini1,2, Hannah E Morton3, Kelly A Buchanan4
1Marcus Autism Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Autism in adulthood : challenges and management
|August 15, 2024
概括
传统的医学语言 (TML) 仍然主导着自闭症研究,但神经肯定语言 (ANL) 正在增加. 在专注于自闭症特征和涉及自闭症成年人的研究中,ANL更常见,这反映了残疾话语日益转变.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 关于残疾人的研究.
- 语言学的语言学.
背景情况:
- 神经多样性范式将自闭症重新定义为神经学差异,挑战了疾病的传统医学模型.
- 最近的建议主张使用替代的神经肯定语言 (ANL),而不是传统的医学语言 (TML),以促进接受和减少偏见.
- 分析自闭症文献中的语言趋势,可以了解这些建议的影响和不断变化的残疾话语.
研究的目的:
- 检查近期自闭症研究中传统医学语言 (TML) 和替代神经肯定语言 (ANL) 的流行程度和特征.
- 在已发表的自闭症研究中确定与使用ANL与TML相关的因素.
主要方法:
- 根据PRISMA指南,对2021年发表的自闭症研究文章进行了系统审查 (n=2322).
- 文章和期刊根据各种特征编码,包括主题,参与者,自我报告使用,地理区域和语言准则.
- 术语使用 (TML与ANL) 使用QDA Miner软件提取.
主要成果:
- 传统医学语言 (TML) 仍然普遍存在,但文章的一个子集主要使用替代的神经确认语言 (ANL).
- ANL的使用与出版日期呈正相关性,并且在关于自闭症特征的文章,DEI,寿命以及包括自闭症成年人或自我报告在内的文章中更为频繁.
- 在澳大利亚或欧洲的期刊或具有识别第一语言 (IFL) 准则的期刊中,ANL也更常见.
- 相反,TML在有关生物学/原因或治疗的文章中更为普遍,涉及父母或年轻的自闭症患者,并在医学期刊上发表.
结论:
- 虽然TML主导着自闭症研究,但最近的文献中正在出现一个明显的转向ANL的转变.
- 期刊和文章语言建议可能会促进增加神经肯定语言的使用.
- 采用ANL受自闭症社区优先考虑的研究主题,自闭症成年人的包容以及文化因素的影响.
- 研究人员和从业人员应该注意他们的语言选择如何影响社会对自闭症个体的看法.
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