在接种疫苗前和接种疫苗后的羊群中检测山羊结核病 (约翰氏病):形态诊断,病变分类和细菌识别
Elena Plamenova Stefanova1,2, Eva Sierra1,2, Antonio Fernández1,2
1Division of Animal Histology and Pathology, Veterinary School, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain.
Frontiers in veterinary science
|August 15, 2024
概括
抗Mycobacterium avium亚种结核病 (MAP) 疫苗接种减少了山羊患有亚临床结核病 (PTB) 的病变和细菌负载. 诊断方法与组织病理学相结合,改善了山羊的PTB检测.
科学领域:
- 兽医病理学 兽医病理学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
背景情况:
- 结核病 (PTB) 是一种由Mycobacterium avium亚种结核病 (MAP) 引起的慢性传染病.
- 亚临床感染在山羊中很常见,并带来诊断挑战.
- 针对MAP的疫苗用于控制PTB,但其在减少亚临床疾病负担方面的有效性需要进一步研究.
研究的目的:
- 评估抗MAP疫苗接种对亚临床感染山羊PTB病变的存在和严重性的影响.
- 为了比较总体检查,组织病理学,Ziehl-Neelsen染色 (ZN),免疫组织化学 (IHC) 和PCR在检测MAP感染中的诊断产量.
- 评估整合多种诊断技术的实用性,以准确诊断山羊的PTB.
主要方法:
- 从105只山羊 (61只未接种疫苗,44只接种疫苗) 中收集了中腔淋巴结 (MS LNs) 和大肠门 (ICV) 的样本.
- 病变被分级,并使用ZN染色,MAP抗原的IHC和MAPDNA的PCR来评估细菌负载.
- 组织病理学检查包括MS LNs,ICV lamina propria (LP) 和Peyer's patches (PPs) 中的病变分级.
主要成果:
- 在39%的山羊中发现了严重的病变,在未接种疫苗的动物 (68.29%) 与接种疫苗的动物 (31.72%) 相比,患病率更高.
- 在58%的动物中观察到组织病变病变,在未接种疫苗的山羊中也更频繁 (63.93%) 比接种疫苗的山羊 (36.07%).
- 组织病理学增加了PTB病例检测28%在MS LNs和86.05%在ICV;未接种疫苗的山羊在ZN,IHC和PCR中呈现出更高的阳性.
结论:
- 抗MAP疫苗接种显著减少了亚临床感染山羊的目标器官中的PTB病变和细菌负载.
- 整合总和本病理学评估与实验室技术 (ZN,IHC,PCR) 对于准确诊断山羊PTB至关重要.
- 需要进行进一步的研究,以优化采样协议,以便在亚临床PTB病例中保持一致的诊断工具性能.
相关概念视频
01:30Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment
Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:
01:26Differential Staining Technique
Differential staining is an essential microbiological technique that exploits variations in cell wall structures to classify and identify microorganisms. It facilitates the distinction of bacteria, aiding in diagnostic and research applications. Two of the most widely used differential staining methods are Gram staining and acid-fast staining, both of which rely on the chemical and structural differences in bacterial cell walls.Gram Staining TechniqueGram staining differentiates bacteria by...
01:28Methods of Classification and Identification
Bacterial identification relies on a diverse array of techniques to classify and understand microorganisms, each tailored to uncover specific characteristics. Traditional morphological approaches, while still valuable, are limited for closely related or structurally simple organisms. Modern methods integrate biochemical, serological, genetic, and advanced molecular tools to achieve greater accuracy.Morphological and Biochemical TechniquesMorphological characteristics, such as cell shape and...