对评估性恐惧灭绝的抵抗,使得人们容易陷入幻觉之中
Anaïs Louzolo1, Alexander V Lebedev1,2, Malin Björnsdotter1,2
1Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Schizophrenia bulletin open
|August 15, 2024
概括
容易陷入妄想的个体表现出恐惧灭绝受损,特别是对于未受指导的线索. 在恐惧学习中,这种对证据更新的抵抗与恐惧处理区域的大脑活动有关.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
背景情况:
- 妄想的信念表现出对变化的抵抗,对不确定的证据的偏见 (BADE).
- 恐惧灭绝涉及更新证据,是研究BADE的一个潜在模型.
- 之前的研究表明,BADE在精神病和妄想易感方面表现为BADE.
研究的目的:
- 用fMRI研究对恐惧灭绝变化的抵抗.
- 检查与高低妄想倾向的个体中与恐惧灭绝相关的大脑过程.
- 探索指令在调节恐惧学习和灭绝易于妄想的受试者中的作用.
主要方法:
- 使用社会恐惧条件化范式的fMRI研究,使用受指示和非受指示的恐惧线索.
- 参与者包括具有高妄想易感 (hDP) 和低妄想易感 (lDP) 的个人.
- 在恐惧学习和灭绝阶段评估恐惧灭绝和大脑活动.
主要成果:
- 与低妄想倾向的个体相比,高妄想倾向的个体对未受指导的面孔的恐惧灭绝率较低.
- 在中部前额叶皮质,杏仁体和恐惧处理网络中观察到与灭绝相关的大脑活动的差异.
- 对于受过指导的面孔,高妄想倾向的个体表现出更大的评估恐惧和侧轨道前皮层和恐惧区域之间的连接性改变.
结论:
- 偏见反对反对证据的证据在妄想易感延伸到恐惧灭绝.
- 抵抗恐惧灭绝的基础神经机制涉及中间前额叶皮质和杏仁体连接.
- 对评估性恐惧学习的教学效应在容易产生错觉的个体中得到了放大,这表明证据处理发生了改变.
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