在亚临床和临床错觉中更新信仰
Sophie Fromm1,2,3,4, Teresa Katthagen1, Lorenz Deserno5,6,7
1Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health CCM, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience | CCM, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany.
Schizophrenia bulletin open
|August 15, 2024
概括
妄想与变化的预测错误信号联系在一起. 然而,精神分裂症与高估环境波动以及对这种波动的神经编码较弱有关.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
背景情况:
- 当前的理论将妄想与异常的信念更新联系起来,涉及预测错误 (PE) 信号和环境波动率误估.
- 这项研究调查了信念更新行为和神经活动的签名是否与妄想特异或与精神分裂症广泛相关.
研究的目的:
- 区分神经和行为相关的信念更新在有和没有妄想的个体,在被诊断为精神分裂症患者和健康对照对象之间.
- 检查预测错误信号和波动性估计在妄想和精神分裂症病理生理学的作用.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及66名参与者的横截面研究分为四组:健康对照组具有最小/强度的妄想观念,以及精神分裂症患者具有最小/强度的妄想.
- 参与者在fMRI期间完成了一项逆转学习任务,在稳定和波动的环境突发事件下.
- 对于学习的计算分析,使用了层次的高斯过模型,专注于结果不确定性,波动性信念和精度加权的PE.
主要成果:
- 与对照组相比,精神分裂症患者的准确性较低,选择切换率增加;妄想没有显著改变这些指标.
- 患有妄想的个体表现出与精确加权PEs相关的前-上区域的神经活化升高.
- 精神分裂症患者高估了环境的波动性,并且在特定的大脑区域 (前侧胰岛,中侧额头,角圈) 显示了波动性的减弱的神经表现.
结论:
- 变化的条状PE信号与妄想信念有关.
- 明显的精神分裂症,不同于妄想,似乎与高估环境波动性和主观波动性的神经编码减少有关.
更多相关视频
相关概念视频
01:26Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions
51
Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by a range of symptoms that significantly impact cognition, behavior, and emotional regulation. Among these, the positive symptoms stand out as they involve the addition or exaggeration of normal mental functions, deviating markedly from typical behavior and perception. Hallucinations and delusions are prominent positive symptoms, each profoundly affecting the individual's experience of reality.
Hallucinations
Hallucinations in...
Hallucinations
Hallucinations in...
51
01:31Confirmation Biases
5.5K
The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
5.5K
01:24Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition
28
A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
28
01:30Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions
69
Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
Thought Disorders
Disorganized and unusual thought processes mark thought disorders in schizophrenia. One key feature is disorganized speech, where an individual's conversation includes...
Thought Disorders
Disorganized and unusual thought processes mark thought disorders in schizophrenia. One key feature is disorganized speech, where an individual's conversation includes...
69
01:38Cognitive Dissonance
32.6K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
32.6K
01:25Beck's Cognitive Therapy
39
Cognitive therapy is a psychological approach designed to address distortions in thinking, which can lead to negative emotions and unrealistic beliefs. These cognitive distortions often influence how individuals interpret and respond to situations, exacerbating emotional distress. Below are some prevalent cognitive distortions, their characteristics, and examples of how they manifest in thought processes.
Arbitrary Inference
Arbitrary inference involves making conclusions without sufficient...
Arbitrary Inference
Arbitrary inference involves making conclusions without sufficient...
39