通过调节外围阿里尔替代小分子受体的电子特性,实现19.5%的效率
Tongle Xu1, Guangliu Ran2, Zhenghui Luo1
1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|August 16, 2024
概括
在昆素受体上进行外围基替代,可显著提高有机光伏的性能. 基于QxPh的设备实现了17.1%的功率转换效率,三元混合物由于改进的分子包装和减少重组,达到19.5%.
科学领域:
- 有机电子学有机电子学
- 材料科学是一种材料科学.
- 太阳能光伏发电是如何实现的
背景情况:
- 接收器材料对于有机光伏 (OPV) 的性能至关重要.
- 之前的研究通过侧链和末端组优化了A-DA1-D-A受体.
- 外围基替代物对中央A1单元和设备性能的影响仍未得到充分研究.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究外围基替代物对基因素 (Qx) 基受体的影响.
- 设计和合成基于Qx的新型接受器,具有不同的基.
- 为了将分子结构,包装和电子特性与OPV设备性能相关联.
主要方法:
- 合成了三种基于昆素的新型受体:QxTh,QxPh和QxPy.
- 密度函数理论 (DFT) 对分子结合能和 π···π 堆叠的计算.
- 使用PM6作为捐赠物的有机光伏设备的制造和表征.
主要成果:
- 具有基替代Qx单元的QxPh显示出最小的结合能和最紧密的π···π堆叠.
- PM6:QxPh设备实现了17.1%的功率转换效率 (PCE),超过了QxTh (16.4%) 和QxPy (15.7%).
- 与PM6:BTP-eC9和QxPh的三元混合物达到19.5%的高PCE.
结论:
- 在Qx单元上进行外围基替代是提高OPV性能的有效策略.
- QxPh的卓越性能与抑制电荷重组,改善电荷提取和有利的形态学有关.
- QxPh显示出在推进高性能三元有机光伏设备方面的巨大潜力.
相关概念视频
01:11ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –NH2, –OCH3
6.0K
All ortho–para directors, excluding halogens, are activating groups. These groups donate electrons to the ring, making the ring carbons electron-rich. Consequently, the reactivity of the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution increases. For instance, the nitration of anisole is about 10,000 times faster than the nitration of benzene. The electron-donating effect of the methoxy group in anisole activates the ortho and para positions on the ring and stabilizes the corresponding...
6.0K
01:26Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry
1.8K
The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
1.8K
01:16Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Overview
10.9K
In an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, an electrophile substitutes for a hydrogen of an aromatic compound.
10.9K
01:17Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry
2.0K
The stereochemistry of electrocyclic reactions is strongly influenced by the orbital symmetry of the polyene HOMO. Under thermal conditions, the reaction proceeds via the ground-state HOMO.
Selection Rules: Thermal Activation
Conjugated systems containing an even number of π-electron pairs undergo a conrotatory ring closure. For example, thermal electrocyclization of (2E,4E)-2,4-hexadiene, a conjugated diene containing two π-electron pairs, gives trans-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene.
Selection Rules: Thermal Activation
Conjugated systems containing an even number of π-electron pairs undergo a conrotatory ring closure. For example, thermal electrocyclization of (2E,4E)-2,4-hexadiene, a conjugated diene containing two π-electron pairs, gives trans-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene.
2.0K
02:35Regioselectivity of Electrophilic Additions-Peroxide Effect
8.5K
In the presence of organic peroxides, the addition of hydrogen bromide to an alkene yields the isomer that is not predicted by Markovnikov’s rule. For example, the addition of hydrogen bromide to 2-methylpropene in the presence of peroxides gives 1-bromo-2-methylpropane. This addition reaction proceeds via a free radical mechanism, which reverses the regioselectivity. The free radical reaction mechanism involves three stages: initiation, propagation, and termination.
8.5K
01:30Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Addition–Elimination (SNAr)
3.8K
Nucleophilic substitution in aromatic compounds is feasible in substrates bearing strong electron-withdrawing substituents positioned ortho or para to the leaving group. The reaction proceeds via two steps: the addition of the nucleophile and the elimination of the leaving group.
The reaction begins with an attack of the nucleophile on the carbon that holds the leaving group. This results in the delocalization of the π electrons over the ring carbons. The resonance interaction between...
The reaction begins with an attack of the nucleophile on the carbon that holds the leaving group. This results in the delocalization of the π electrons over the ring carbons. The resonance interaction between...
3.8K