基于重组三元蛋白技术的疫苗接种策略的开发和评估,以应对不断演变的SARS-CoV-2:潜在的交叉中和活性和广泛的冠状病毒反应
Peng Du1, Ning Li2, Shengjun Tang2
1Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
Heliyon
|August 16, 2024
概括
新型疫苗至关重要,因为Omicron的保护正在减弱. 这项研究发现,Omicron增强剂比D614G增强剂增强了中和抗体,双价疫苗显示出广泛的疗效,尽管XBB变种仍然是一个挑战.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 病毒学 病毒学
背景情况:
- 疫苗对Omicron的有效性下降,需要开发新的疫苗.
- 再组合尖端蛋白是新型疫苗配方的关键组成部分.
- 了解交叉中和活性对于广泛的疫苗有效性至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 制定和评估基于尖端蛋白的单价和双价疫苗.
- 评估不同疫苗接种方案在引起针对SARS-CoV-2变种的中和抗体方面的有效性.
- 提出一个优化的疫苗接种策略,以最大限度地保护表皮质谱.
主要方法:
- 使用重组尖端蛋白 (三元体和单元体) 制备四种单价和三种双价疫苗.
- 在小鼠中通过伪病毒中和试验评估中和抗体反应.
- 测试各种初级免疫和与D614G和Omicron变体 (BA.1,BA.2,BA.4/5) 进行增强组合的组合.
主要成果:
- 在D614G初级免疫接种后的Omicron增强剂 (BA.1,BA.2,BA.4/5) 产生了比D614G增强剂更广泛,更强大的交叉中和活性,BA.4/5显示出更高的疗效.
- 在Omicron初级免疫接种后的D614G增强剂诱导了比Omicron增强剂更广泛的中和活性.
- 双等效疫苗 (例如,D614G&BA.4/5) 诱导了对Omicron和前Omicron变种的广泛中和活性,但对XBB.1.5/1.9.1的活性降低了,这凸显了对抗原更新的需求.
- 预先的交叉注射显示了SARS-CoV-2和SARS-CoV-1尖端蛋白之间潜在的交叉反应性,用于泛冠状病毒耐药性.
结论:
- 疫苗接种策略包括使用不同变异的顺序增强,可以增强中和抗体的宽度和功效.
- 双等效疫苗是有效的,但需要及时更新抗原,以应对像XBB.这样的新兴变异.
- 一项拟议的策略涉及将疫苗组件 (Omicron或pre-Omicron) 与先前的感染/接种疫苗史相匹配,为天真人提供双价疫苗.
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