在欧盟/欧洲经济区的传染病通知中,男性和女性之间的差异,2012年至2021年
Julien Beauté1, Francesco Innocenti2,1
1European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden.
概括
欧洲传染病报告显示出基于性别的显著差异. 虽然一些疾病如艾滋病毒和乙型肝炎在男性中更为常见,但其他疾病如百日咳和克拉米迪亚在女性中更为普遍.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
背景情况:
- 性别和性别影响疾病的易感性,进展和结果.
- 社会文化因素可能会影响暴露和获得医疗保健,导致基于性别的健康差异.
- 了解这些差异对于有针对性的公共卫生干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 量化欧盟和欧洲经济区 (EU/EEA) 各国传染病通知的性别差异.
- 确定在报告性别特定疾病方面与欧盟/欧洲经济区平均值有显著差异的国家.
- 探索潜在的驱动因素,如行为和选实践,背后观察到的差异.
主要方法:
- 分析2012-2021年向欧洲疾病预防和控制中心 (ECDC) 报告的可报告的传染病监测数据.
- 根据每年残疾调整寿命年门,包括16种传染病.
- 按疾病,年份,国家和年龄组计算男性比例中位数和四分位数间的范围;使用盒图识别异常值.
主要成果:
- 在所有报告的国家中,坎比洛巴菌病,急性乙型肝炎,军团士兵病,疟疾和艾滋病毒/艾滋病等疾病的男性比例始终超过50%.
- 相反,百日咳 (25/28个国家),STEC感染 (21/28个国家) 和Chlamydia trachomatis感染 (16/24个国家) 主要有男性比例低于50%.
- 在不同年龄组的男性比例中,克拉米迪亚形虫感染和李斯特菌病显示出最大的差异;许多异常值与较低的病例数量有关.
结论:
- 在欧盟/欧洲经济区国家内的传染病通知中存在严重的基于性别的差异.
- 行为因素可能导致艾滋病毒和乙型肝炎等疾病中男性比例更高.
- 针对特定人群的有针对性的查计划可能解释了国家一级的差异,特别是对于像克拉米迪亚螺旋虫这样的感染.
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