在智利中部极端野火中,黑碳和颗粒物度
Fabián Guerrero1, Lorena Espinoza1, Víctor Vidal2
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, 23400000 Valparaíso, Chile.
The Science of the total environment
|August 16, 2024
概括
野火严重恶化了智利的空气质量,黑碳和颗粒物水平远远高于安全标准. 这些极端的污染水平即使在火灾被灭后也持续存在,突出显示了气候变化的影响.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 大气化学 大气化学
- 气候变化的影响 气候变化的影响
背景情况:
- 由于气候和土地利用的变化,全球野火的频率和严重程度正在增加.
- 智利中部在2024年2月遭遇了最严重的野地-城市界面野火,影响了瓦尔帕莱索地区.
- 野火造成了大规模破坏,房屋损失和死亡,直接影响了费德里科·圣玛丽亚技术大学校园.
研究的目的:
- 在智利中部发生重大野火事件期间测量黑碳 (BC) 和颗粒物 (PM) 度.
- 评估野火对当地空气质量的影响,使用现场测量.
- 提供关于野火造成空气质量前所未有的恶化数据.
主要方法:
- 在费德里科·圣玛丽亚技术大学校园进行了一次空气质量监测活动.
- 测量重点是880nm和375nm的黑碳 (BC) 和颗粒物 (PM).
- 数据是在2024年2月2日至6日的野火烟雾中直接收集的.
主要成果:
- 记录了极高的黑碳度,每日平均值明显超过事件前的水平 (55-99倍高).
- 峰值BC度达到了812.89μg m−3 (880nm) 和1561.24μg m−3 (375nm) 的水平.
- 颗粒物度超过了智利空气质量标准的82% (粗) 和198% (细),在火灾后的几天内仍然升高.
结论:
- 该研究提供了独特的现场证据,证明野火期间区域空气质量迅速恶化.
- 生物质燃烧被确定为黑碳的主要来源,用格斯特罗姆指数表示.
- 这些发现强调了野火对空气质量的严重后果,气候变暖加剧了这种后果.
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