在灵长类人中,认知成熟的并行特征包括抗动性能和前额活动
Junda Zhu1, Xin Maizie Zhou2, Christos Constantinidis1,2,3
1Program in Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
iScience
|August 19, 2024
概括
认知控制,就像抑制冲动一样,是在青春期后发展起来的. 成年子表现出更好的行为表现和前额叶皮层神经活动,与年轻子相比,在一个反动任务中表现出更好的行为表现和前额叶皮层神经活动.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 认知发展 认知发展
- 灵长类动物的行为
背景情况:
- 认知控制的能力,包括抑制不适当的行为和执行适当的行为,在青春期后显著成熟.
- 这种发育轨迹表明,执行功能在青春期和早期成年期的成熟期很长.
研究的目的:
- 通过在子中使用抗动任务来研究认知控制的发育变化.
- 检查这些行为变化在青春期过渡之前和之后的前额叶皮质的神经相关性.
主要方法:
- 子被训练在一个反的任务,要求他们远离视觉刺激.
- 在青少年和成人受试者中记录了行为表现 (准确性,反应时间) 和前额叶皮层的神经活动.
- 分析的重点是与刺激处理和响应抑制相关的视觉运动神经元活动的变化.
主要成果:
- 成年子表现出增强的行为表现,包括更快的刺激处理,改善对刺激的反射冲刺的抑制,以及更好地遵守反冲刺规则.
- 神经记录显示了前额叶皮质活动的变化,表明在任务试验期间,从刺激驱动 (外源) 到目标驱动 (内源) 控制的转变更快.
- 这些神经特征与在认知控制方面观察到的行为改善并行.
结论:
- 认知成熟,特别是执行功能,如注意力分配和响应抑制,在青春期后继续.
- 前额叶皮质在这些发育变化中起着至关重要的作用,成熟期支持更有效的目标导向行为.
- 研究结果强调了行为和前额神经活动的并行成熟,强调了认知控制的长期发展.
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