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Sampling Continuous Time Signal01:11

Sampling Continuous Time Signal

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In signal processing, a continuous-time signal can be sampled using an impulse-train sampling technique, followed by the zero-order hold method. Impulse-train sampling involves the use of a periodic impulse train, which consists of a series of delta functions spaced at regular intervals determined by the sampling period. When a continuous-time signal is multiplied by this impulse train, it generates impulses with amplitudes corresponding to the signal's values at the sampling points.
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The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in...
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A random variable is a single numerical value that indicates the outcome of a procedure. The concept of random variables is fundamental to the probability theory and was introduced by a Russian mathematician, Pafnuty Chebyshev, in the mid-nineteenth century.
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Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest. Among the various sampling methods used by...
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The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
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Generator voltage control is crucial for maintaining the stable operation of synchronous generators and wind turbines. In older models, a DC generator driven by the rotor delivers DC power to the rotor's field winding, and the power is transferred through slip rings and brushes. In the latest models, static or brushless exciters are used. Static exciters rectify AC power from the generator terminals and then transfer the DC power directly to the rotor. Brushless exciters, on the other hand,...
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一个紧而高效的噪声发生器用于随机模拟.

Haixiang Zhao1, Rahul Sarpeshkar2, Soumyajit Mandal3

  • 1Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.

IEEE transactions on circuits and systems. I, Regular papers : a publication of the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society
|August 19, 2024
PubMed
概括

本研究介绍了一种适应式噪声发生器电路,用于模拟芯片上的随机化学动力学. 这种新型电路有效模拟随机的电报信号,为复杂的模拟提供了紧且节能的解决方案.

关键词:
模拟计算是一种模拟计算.细胞形态处理器 细胞形态处理器噪音发生器的噪音发生器在随机模拟中使用随机模拟.

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科学领域:

  • 微电子工程 微电子工程
  • 计算化学计算化学
  • 生物物理学的生物物理.

背景情况:

  • 随机化学动力学模拟对于理解生物系统至关重要.
  • 现有的方法通常需要大量的计算资源或复杂的硬件设置.
  • 在芯片上的模拟为高效和本地化的建模提供了一个有前途的途径.

研究的目的:

  • 开发一种适应性噪声发生器电路,用于在芯片上模拟随机化学动力学.
  • 模拟随机电报信号 (RTS) 的特征,使用波桑分布的水平过渡.
  • 提供一个紧,节能,无电容器的硬件解决方案.

主要方法:

  • 使用放大双极连接晶体管 (BJT) 白噪声.
  • 实现了适应性低通波来塑造噪声频谱.
  • 在0.35μm BiCMOS工艺中设计了一个电流模式电路.
  • 对吉尔斯皮随机模拟算法进行验证.

主要成果:

  • 该电路准确模拟了RTS的功率频谱和自相关性.
  • 在60dB的动态范围中,与理论结果有很好的一致性.
  • 与之前的工作相比,实现了布局面积 (73%) 和功耗 (50%) 的显著降低.
  • 经过董事会级实施的经过验证的实验结果.

结论:

  • 开发的自适应噪声发生器电路是用于芯片上随机模拟的高效和紧的解决方案.
  • 这种基于硬件的方法在面积和功率效率方面提供了实质性的改进.
  • 电路的性能验证了它适合在集成系统中建模复杂的化学动力学.