面对气候变化:农业中的植物应激减缓战略
Fátima Terán1, Vicente Vives-Peris1, Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas1
1Ecophysiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain.
Physiologia plantarum
|August 19, 2024
概括
气候变化威胁到农业和粮食安全. 本综述涵盖了物理,化学和生物策略,以提高作物弹性,并讨论了生物技术解决方案的必要性.
科学领域:
- 农业科学 农业科学
- 植物生理学 植物生理学
- 适应气候变化 适应气候变化
背景情况:
- 气候变化,以气温上升和极端天气为特征,显著影响全球作物产量和粮食安全.
- 植物生理过程,如光合作用和繁殖被气候压力干扰,导致农业生产率下降.
- 农业有助于温室气体排放,创造一个反循环,加剧气候变化影响.
研究的目的:
- 审查物理,化学和生物策略,以减轻气候变化对农作物的影响.
- 突出提高作物应激耐受性和生产力的有效方法.
- 确定未来的研究需求,包括生物技术方法,用于气候适应性作物开发.
主要方法:
- 审查现有关于物理,化学和生物策略的文献,以管理作物压力.
- 对灌策略和叶子处理方法进行分析,以提高用水效率和减轻压力.
- 评估化学和生物处理方法,包括促进植物生长的草根细菌 (PGPR) 和菌根菌,以增强植物的防御机制和生长.
主要成果:
- 物理策略,如优化灌和反射叶子处理,有效地提高用水效率和减轻压力.
- 化学处理可以诱导植物的防御机制,提高对非生物压力的耐受性.
- 生物治疗,如菌根和PGPR,通过增强的抗氧化能力和矿物质溶解来改善植物生长,营养吸收和耐压力.
结论:
- 物理,化学和生物策略为农业的气候变化适应提供了有价值的短期和中期解决方案.
- 通过先进的生物技术方法开发适应气候变化的作物基因型至关重要.
- 在不断变化的气候挑战中,共同努力至关重要,以确保全球粮食安全.
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