临床微生物学实验室的实用指南:更新的指南处理来自囊性纤维化患者的呼吸道样本
Lisa Saiman1,2, Valerie Waters3, John J LiPuma4
1Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Clinical microbiology reviews
|August 19, 2024
概括
临床微生物学实验室需要更新的指导方针来处理来自囊性纤维化 (pwCF) 患者的呼吸道样本. 新的建议涉及改变样本类型和病原体检测方法,以改善pwCF的护理.
科学领域:
- 临床微生物学 临床微生物学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 肺部病理学 肺部病理学
背景情况:
- 囊性纤维化 (CF) 护理通过CF跨膜导电调节器 (CFTR) 调节器疗法得到改善,导致CF (pwCF) 患者的健康状况更好.
- 这种改善导致 pwCF 中自发吐量减少,需要转向其他呼吸道样本类型,如口腔大和支气管洗等.
- 目前处理这些多样化的呼吸道样本的实验室实践需要更新指导,以确保准确的病原体检测和有效的患者管理.
研究的目的:
- 为临床微生物学实验室提供关于处理pwCF的呼吸道样本的最新建议.
- 优化检测广泛的细菌和真菌病原体相关的CF,包括常见和不常见的生物.
- 引导实验室在选择适当的培养基,识别方法和抗菌素敏感性测试策略中为pwCF.提供指导.
主要方法:
- 该指南建议在pwCF的所有呼吸道样品类型中使用非选择性和选择性培养介质.
- 它强调需要准确识别常见的CF病原体 (例如, *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*, *Staphylococcus aureus*) 和不太常见的阴性菌根 (例如, *Stenotrophomonas maltophilia*, *Achromobacter*物种).
- 该指南建议,对于特定的临床情况,当传统方法可能不足以准确识别病原体时,应提供DNA序列分析,并注意到正在进行的对*S. aureus*小殖民地变异 (SCV) 的研究.
主要成果:
- 这些建议旨在改善从pwCF的呼吸道样本中检测关键的细菌和真菌病原体.
- 该指南解决了样品类型的变化所带来的挑战,以及需要先进的识别技术,如MALDI-TOF MS和DNA测序.
- 它澄清了抗微生物敏感性测试 (AST) 的作用,建议选择性测试,而不是所有常规监测培养.
结论:
- 更新的实验室处理建议对于pwCF的最佳管理至关重要,特别是考虑到不断变化的治疗景观和采样趋势.
- 准确及时识别病原体,包括不太常见的病原体和潜在的变体,如SCV,对于指导治疗和监测疾病流行病学至关重要.
- 这些不断变化的基于证据的建议将支持改善囊性纤维化患者的临床护理和治疗结果.
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