性别至上是普遍的吗?
Ashley E Martin1, Diego Guevara Beltran2, Jeremy Koster3
1Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.
概括
性别是感知人性的主要社会类别,即使在孤立的社区. 这项在尼加拉瓜的研究表明,性别性别的研究表明.
科学领域:
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 文化人类学 文化人类学
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 人们越来越认识到性别是人格和人类感知的核心.
- 以前的研究表明,性别是影响人性化的主要社会类别,但其普遍性仍在争论中.
- 在社会观念中,性别在其他社会类别 (如种族和年龄) 上的优先地位需要跨文化验证.
研究的目的:
- 调查尼加拉瓜玛扬加社区内性别认知在人性化中的优先地位.
- 为了确定性别在社会感知中的作用是文化特定的构造还是跨文化现象.
- 在赋予人性时,测试性别优先于其他社会类别的普遍性.
主要方法:
- 涉及尼加拉瓜Mayangna社区的跨文化研究,这是一个有限的西方接触人口.
- 研究了对非人类物体的社会类别 (性别,年龄,种族,性取向,残疾,宗教) 的归因.
- 统计分析以确定每个社会类别对人类感知的独特预测能力.
主要成果:
- 玛扬加社区将性别归因于非人类对象比任何其他社会类别都更强烈.
- 性别是唯一的社会类别,它独特地预测了Mayangna人对人类的感知.
- 在人性化中这种性别优势的模式甚至在最孤立的子组中也被观察到,无论西方文化或媒体的曝光程度如何.
结论:
- 这些发现支持这样一个假设,即性别在社会认知中的优先地位是一个可以广泛推广的现象.
- 结果表明,性别与人性化之间的强烈联系可能是跨文化,潜在的普遍,社会感知的方面.
- 这项研究延伸了先前的研究,通过在非西方,土著人口中证明性别的感知优势.
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