即使是非专业人士也会使用法律术语
Eric Martínez1, Francis Mollica2, Edward Gibson3
1University of Chicago Law School, Chicago, IL 60637.
概括
法律写作是不必要的复杂. 研究表明,法律中的复杂句子结构不是来自编辑,而是来自"魔法咒语"效应,作者故意使用复杂的语言传达权威,阻碍理解.
科学领域:
- 语言分析语言分析.
- 认知科学是一种认知科学.
- 法律研究 法律研究
背景情况:
- 法律文件应该易于理解,但法律专业人士和公众往往难以理解.
- 之前的研究表明,与其他类型相比,法律文本含有更高的复杂语法结构.
研究的目的:
- 分析法律语言的复杂性,并调查法律文件中复杂的语法结构的起源.
- 测试"魔咒假说"与"复制和编辑假说"关于法律复杂性的产生.
主要方法:
- 与六个英语基准类型相比,分析了5900万个法律文本单词的语料库分析.
- 两个预先注册的文本生成实验与286名参与者测试法律写作假设.
主要成果:
- 在法律文本中复制和扩展了语法复杂性明显更高的发现.
- 证据支持'魔法咒语假设':作家在官方法律中使用的语言比非官方法律文本更复杂.
- 没有证据证明"复制和编辑假设";编辑与原始写作相比没有增加复杂性.
结论:
- 法律复杂性可能源于其表演性质,使用复杂的结构来信号权威,以牺牲读者的理解.
- 法律似乎是通用语言向沟通效率的普遍趋势的例外.
- 简化法律语言是可行的,而不影响沟通内容,解决法律无处不在和不可透之间的紧张关系.
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