在小鼠听力损失之前和之后的声音寻找
Jessica Mai1, Rowan Gargiullo1, Megan Zheng1
1Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
Scientific reports
|August 19, 2024
概括
小鼠使用身体运动来寻找声音,补偿听力损失. 这项研究表明,运动有助于小鼠适应单边听力损伤,而不是双边损伤.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 听觉感知是一种听觉感知.
- 感官补偿是一种感官补偿.
背景情况:
- 头部和身体的运动会影响声音的感知和定位.
- 听觉研究往往限制了自然运动,限制了对运动作用的理解.
- 对于听力损失的补偿策略尚未完全理解.
研究的目的:
- 调查身体运动在听觉感知和声音定位中的作用.
- 为了研究小鼠在听力损失后如何调整寻找声音的行为.
- 了解感官补偿的神经和行为机制.
主要方法:
- 开发了一个"寻找声音"的行为任务,奖励自由移动的小鼠定位声音源.
- 诱导性听力损失通过手术切除骨 (中耳骨).
- 在单边和双边听力损失后评估声音寻找性能和惊反射.
主要成果:
- 在寻找声音的任务中,小鼠学会了有效地导航到声音源.
- 双边听力损失严重损害并阻止声音寻找性能恢复.
- 单边听力损失导致过渡性损伤,随后在一周内恢复,小鼠采用了顺序搜索策略.
- 震惊反射在单边听力损失后被保留,但在双边听力损失后被取消.
结论:
- 小鼠可以使用身体运动策略来弥补永久的单边外周听力损伤.
- 运动在听觉感知和适应感官缺陷方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
- 寻找声音的范式为研究运动增强感知和感官弹性提供了一种新的方法.
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相关概念视频
01:31Hearing
When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
01:13The Cochlea
The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
01:06Echo
The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case, then the...
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case, then the...