热生棕色脂肪和基因之间的关联在环极群体的积极自然选择下
Yuka Ishida1, Mami Matsushita2, Takeshi Yoneshiro3
1Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan.
Journal of physiological anthropology
|August 19, 2024
概括
在东亚人中,LEPR的遗传变异与棕色脂肪组织 (BAT) 活动有轻微的关联,这表明它可能在寒冷适应中发挥作用. 然而,其他选定的基因没有显示出与BAT热生成的显著联系.
科学领域:
- 人类进化遗传学人类进化遗传学
- 代谢适应 代谢适应
- 棕色脂肪组织 (BAT) 的功能.
背景情况:
- 适应寒冷对人类迁徙和生存至关重要.
- 棕色脂肪组织 (BAT) 促进非发的热生成,并与寒冷适应有关.
- 参与BAT差异化和功能的基因在高度群体中显示出积极选择的特征.
研究的目的:
- 在东亚人群中调查特定基因的遗传变异与棕色脂肪组织 (BAT) 活动之间的关联.
- 评估积极选择的基因在BAT热生成的个体间变异性中的作用.
主要方法:
- 在399名日本个体中使用氧葡萄糖-正子辐射断层扫描和计算机断层扫描 (FDG-PET/CT) 测量了BAT活动.
- 在六个候选基因 (LEPR,ANGPTL8,PLA2G2A,PLIN1,TBX15-WARS2,FADS1) 中分析了11个单核酸多态 (SNP),以与BAT活动和生理特征相关.
- 在另外84名东亚人中,使用红外热像技术验证了这些发现.
主要成果:
- 在LEPR基因中,两个内部SNP显示出与较高的BAT活性相关的趋势,但无法承受多次测试校正.
- 勒普SNP与较低的身体脂肪百分比,血甘油三,胰岛素和HOMA-IR水平有关.
- 对于其他候选基因,包括TBX15-WARS2.2,没有观察到BAT热生成的显著差异.
结论:
- 表明LEPRSNP与东亚成年人的BAT活动之间存在边际关联.
- 提供了有限的证据,证明其他精选的基因通过BAT热生成参与了寒冷适应.
- 他认为,饮食适应或其他因素可能会解释这些位置的积极选择,这是由于类基因功能.
更多相关视频
相关概念视频
What is Natural Selection?
114.9K
Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
114.9K
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype
6.5K
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
6.5K
Thermoregulation
934
The human body has a sophisticated thermoregulation system that employs negative feedback mechanisms to maintain an optimal core temperature. When the core temperature drops, peripheral and central thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus, activating the heat-promoting center. This center triggers several responses aimed at increasing the core temperature. First, vasoconstriction reduces the flow of warm blood from internal organs to the skin so that the heat is not lost from the skin,...
934
Body Temperature
926
The body's temperature, measured in degrees, is determined by the balance between heat production and dissipation to the surrounding environment. For instance, if exercising vigorously, the body will produce more heat, causing sweat and dissipating that heat. Despite extreme environmental conditions and physical exertion, the human temperature-control system maintains a constant core body temperature (the temperature of deep tissues, which are the tissues located beneath the skin and other...
926
Epistasis
46.6K
In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
46.6K
Frequency-dependent Selection
21.9K
When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
21.9K


