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相关概念视频

Internal and External Forces01:12

Internal and External Forces

12.8K
Newton's first law states that a net external force causes a change in motion. External forces act on an object or system, originating outside of the object or system. In contrast, internal forces originate inside the system of interest and do not lead to any acceleration. In simpler words, internal forces are forces that act on one part of an object and are exerted by another part of the same object. External forces are forces that act on an object due to some other object. Therefore, when...
12.8K
Work Done on a System by External Force01:11

Work Done on a System by External Force

2.1K
The work done by an external force on a particle changes its kinetic energy. However, internal forces must also be considered for a system of interacting particles. The potential energy formulation helps formulate the effect of internal forces. The net work done by an external force can be written in terms of the total change of mechanical energy, which includes both kinetic and potential energies.
In the presence of a non-conservative opposing force, like friction, some part of the work done...
2.1K
Introduction to force01:25

Introduction to force

523
Consider water flowing from a nozzle to a turbine vane. As the water hits the turbine vane, it exerts a force that causes it to move along the flow of direction. Force is an impact that changes an object's motion, shape, or orientation. Forces can be caused by physical contact, such as a push or pull, or through non-contact interactions, such as magnetic or gravitational forces. Force is a vector quantity with both magnitude and direction, and is measured in newtons (N) in the SI unit...
523
Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

4.3K
Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
4.3K
Force and Potential Energy in One Dimension01:13

Force and Potential Energy in One Dimension

5.4K
Force can be calculated from the expression for potential energy, which is a function of position. The component of a conservative force, in a particular direction, equals the negative of the derivative of the corresponding potential energy with respect to the displacement in that direction. For regions where potential energy changes rapidly with displacement, the work done and force is maximum. Also, when force is applied along the positive coordinate axis, the potential energy decreases with...
5.4K
Carrier Transport01:21

Carrier Transport

418
The generation of electrical current in semiconductors is fundamentally driven by two mechanisms: drift and diffusion. These processes are essential for the functionality and performance of semiconductor-based devices.
Drift Current:
The drift of charge carriers is started by an external electric field (E). Charged particles, such as electrons and holes, experience an acceleration between collisions with lattice atoms. For electrons, this results in a drift velocity (vd) given by:
418

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 16, 2025

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

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在受外力影响的确定性系统中异常扩散.

Jin Liu1, Kehui Sun1, Huihai Wang2

  • 1School of Physics, <a href="https://ror.org/00f1zfq44">Central South University</a>, Changsha 410083, China.

Physical review. E
|August 20, 2024
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

外界力量显著改变粒子运动,导致异常扩散和ergodicity断裂. 线性力模仿了模型,而正弦形力创造了碎形扩散模式.

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The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow
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科学领域:

  • 物理 物理学 物理
  • 统计力学 统计力学
  • 动态系统 动态系统

背景情况:

  • 布朗运动和正常扩散是统计物理学的基本概念.
  • 对于各种科学领域来说,了解外力作用下的粒子动力学至关重要.
  • 零碎线性地图为复杂的动态系统提供了简化的模型.

研究的目的:

  • 调查位置依赖的线性和时间依赖的正弦外力对粒子运动的影响.
  • 分析由此产生的扩散模式,包括整体平均正方位位移 (EAMSD),衰老和ergodicity.
  • 描述动态行为的特征,并将其与已建立的模型进行比较,例如朗格文方程和马尔科夫链.

主要方法:

  • 一个盒子的数值模拟片状线性地图模型.
  • 在两种不同的外部力类型下分析粒子轨迹.
  • 计算和检查整体平均平方位移 (EAMSD).
  • 扩散模式的表征,衰老,和ergodicity破坏.

主要成果:

  • 观察到异常动态行为,包括非线性EAMSD生长,衰老和ergodicity破坏.
  • 线性力导致扩散类似于Ehrenfest双模型,与Langevin方程预测保持一致.
  • 阴形力导致粒子运动,类似于不均的马尔科夫链,具有碎形扩散系数结构.
  • 透视通过旋转动力学形成碎形结构的洞察力.

结论:

  • 外界力量引入了与正常扩散的显著偏差,导致复杂的动态.
  • 外力类型决定了特定的扩散行为及其基础模型.
  • 该研究揭示了在周期力下扩散的碎形特征,为粒子动力学提供了新的视角.