在几分钟内从一般任务到特定任务的认知操作? 工作记忆性能作为一个适应过程的适应过程.
Jussi Jylkkä1, Zachary Stickley2, Daniel Fellman1,3,4
1Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Abo, Finland.
Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)
|August 21, 2024
概括
认知技能学习理论表明,工作记忆的任务性能从一般转移到特定过程. 这项研究发现了支持工作记忆任务中的这种快速,任务内部动态的证据.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 心理测量 心理测量 心理测量
背景情况:
- 认知功能的测量通常假定在任务中具有稳定的心理架构.
- 技能学习理论假设自适应性认知表现,从费力,一般的过程转向自动的,特定的过程.
- 这种技能学习动态在工作记忆等短期认知任务中未得到充分探索.
研究的目的:
- 测试工作记忆任务的性能是否最初依赖于一个一般因素,然后分离到特定任务的因素.
- 在工作记忆任务中调查认知技能获取的快速,内部动态.
- 将认知技能学习框架应用于工作记忆任务的短时间跨度.
主要方法:
- 在两个独立的数据集 (N=296和N=201) 上使用了纵向结构方程建模.
- 这些模型测试了初始统一的假设和随后的任务特异性潜伏因素在工作记忆性能中的分歧.
- 统计分析的重点是任务参与期间认知过程的进展.
主要成果:
- 第一次实验的数据支持了这一假设,显示了工作记忆范式的初始统一,具体的潜伏因素后来分歧.
- 第二个实验复制了这个模式,除了一个特定的潜伏因子的例外.
- 结果表明,在工作记忆任务中,从一般到任务特定处理的快速转变.
结论:
- 工作记忆任务表现似乎从一般的认知参与迅速演变为特定任务的过程.
- 结果与认知技能学习框架一致,表明任务中的适应性变化.
- 这项研究强调了考虑任务内部动态对于准确的认知功能测量的重要性.
更多相关视频
07:01Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
Published on: September 20, 2020
4.7K
09:05Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
Published on: June 12, 2017
29.6K
相关概念视频
01:24Working Memory
149
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
149
01:30Information Processing Approach
33
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
33
01:14Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory
397
The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
397
01:30Cognitive Development During Adulthood
72
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
72
01:19High-Level and Low-Level Awareness
257
Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...
257
01:18Long-Term Memory
135
Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
135