追踪大脑中的政治动机推理:思维化,价值编码和错误检测网络的作用
Giannis Lois1,2, Elias Tsakas2, Kenneth Yuen3,4
1Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Crete, Rethymno 74100, Greece.
Social cognitive and affective neuroscience
|August 21, 2024
概括
人们通过偏爱与他们的信仰和群体身份一致的信息来表现出有偏见的推理. 神经成像揭示了在动机推理中的这些可取性和身份偏见背后的独特的大脑机制.
科学领域:
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 政治科学 政治科学是指政治学.
背景情况:
- 有动机的推理,易受错误信息的影响,以及信念的两极分化,都与偏见的信息处理有关.
- 以前的研究还没有完全阐明动机推理的神经认知基础,这是因为追踪信念形成的局限性.
- 了解这些机制对于解决政治两极分化和错误信息的传播至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 通过检查可取性和身份偏见来研究动机推理的神经认知机制.
- 为了确定神经反应如何预测在信念更新过程中偏见的信息认可.
- 在意识形态上相反的群体中比较这些机制.
主要方法:
- 采用贝叶斯基准来量化信念更新中的偏差.
- 从亲移民和反移民团体招募了参与者,向他们展示了关于外国犯罪的真实信息.
- 利用神经成像 (fMRI) 在消息评估期间记录神经反应,并将其与随后的偏差表达相关联.
主要成果:
- 两组都表现出可取性偏见 (有利于态度一致的信息) 和身份偏见 (有利于群体内信息).
- 价值编码,错误检测和思维区域的神经活动预测了可取性偏差.
- 减少精神化网络中的激活与身份偏见相关.
结论:
- 有动机的推理涉及不同的神经认知过程对可取性和身份偏见.
- 在信息处理过程中的神经反应预测了这些偏差的表现.
- 研究结果提供了关于激励推理的神经认知架构的见解,并为政治偏见的认知模型提供了信息.
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