细胞外囊泡可能在骨肌肉髓细胞体衰老期间提供替代性解毒途径
María Fernández-Rhodes1, Emma Buchan2, Stephanie D Gagnon1
1School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University Loughborough UK.
Journal of extracellular biology
|August 22, 2024
概括
人类骨肌的细胞外囊泡 (SM-EVs) 随着年龄的增长而变化. 年龄较大的成年人.
科学领域:
- 身体细胞疗法 身体细胞疗法
- 细胞外囊泡生物学 细胞外囊泡生物学
- 衰老研究研究 衰老研究
背景情况:
- 骨肌肉 (SM) 作为分泌器官起作用,释放肌和细胞外囊泡 (SM-EVs),影响肌体发生和恒温.
- 之前的研究已经记录了与老鼠SM-EVs的年龄相关的变化,但在人类模型中缺乏全面的概况.
- 这项研究旨在弥合这一差距,比较来自年轻和老年人初级骨肌细胞 (HPMCs) 的SM-EV.
研究的目的:
- 提供从年轻和老人初级骨肌细胞 (HPMCs) 的SM-EVs的第一个全面比较.
- 绘制与人类骨肌肉衰老相关的SM-EVs的变化.
- 调查SM-EVs在SM衰老过程中在稳态和排毒中的潜在作用.
主要方法:
- 从年轻 (24±1.7岁) 和年长 (69±2.6岁) 的参与者中分离出人类原发性骨肌细胞 (HPMC).
- 细胞被免疫磁性对肌源性标记物CD56 (N-CAM) 进行分类,并培养成纯种或混合种群.
- 使用优化的超过和尺寸排除色谱 (UF + SEC) 协议将SM-EVs分离出来.
- 使用拉曼光谱 (RS) 和液态染色体质谱法 (LC-MS) 进行了EV的特征鉴定.
主要成果:
- 在年轻和老的SM-EV之间观察到基本EV参数 (粒子数量,大小,蛋白质标记) 的最小变化.
- 拉曼光谱检测显示,在较旧的SM-EV中,蛋白质 (胺I),脂质 (脂质,酸丁胆) 和低氨酸的特征增加.
- LC-MS确定了84种共享蛋白质,主要涉及细胞平衡,肌肉维护和转录调节.
- 较老的SM-EV被富含与氧化应激和DNA/RNA突变发生相关的蛋白质 (例如,TTC3,ICE1,ACACA).
结论:
- 骨肌肉细胞外囊泡 (SM-EVs) 呈现出与人类衰老有关的独特的生化特征.
- 衰老的SM-EV显示了脂质,蛋白质和素的增加,以及氧化应激和与突变发生相关的蛋白质的丰富.
- 这些发现表明,SM-EVs可能在骨肌肉衰老期间在细胞平衡和解毒过程中发挥作用.
相关概念视频
Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy
1.9K
Satellite stem cells or myosatellite cells are quiescent stem cells that Alexander Mauro first identified in 1961. These cells are located between the sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, and the basal lamina, the connective tissue sheath covering it. These mononucleated cells are activated in response to muscle injury, can transform into myoblasts, and may form or repair muscle fibers. Myosatellite cells can provide additional myonuclei for muscle regeneration or return to a...
1.9K
Receptor Downregulation in MVBs
2.0K
Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive EGFR...
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive EGFR...
2.0K
Overview of Secretory Vesicles
8.5K
Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
8.5K
Overview of Exosomes
2.7K
Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
2.7K
Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies
3.4K
Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
3.4K
Autophagy
4.2K
Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
4.2K


