时间间的同理心下降:对未来别人遭受的痛苦感到不那么痛苦
Matthew Coleman1, David DeSteno1
1Department of Psychology, Northeastern University.
Emotion (Washington, D.C.)
|August 22, 2024
概括
人们对未来的痛苦的同情心比现在的痛苦要少,这种效应被称为时间间的同情心下降. 清晰地想象未来的痛苦可以减少这种衰退,并促进对后代的亲社会行为.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
- 伦理哲学的道德哲学
背景情况:
- 社会行动对未来几代人的生活质量产生重大影响.
- 关于对未来幸福的评价存在哲学讨论.
- 关于现在与未来同理心的实证研究是有限的.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究个体的同理心如何在当前和未来的痛苦之间有所不同.
- 检查这种同理心差异对亲社会行为的后果.
- 确定影响面向未来的行动的心理因素.
主要方法:
- 进行了四项实验,共有4,698名参与者.
- 测量了当前与未来假设的痛苦的同理心水平.
- 评估了愿意捐赠给以现在为导向的慈善机构与以未来为导向的慈善机构.
- 操纵了想象未来痛苦的生动性.
主要成果:
- 表现出"时间间同理心下降":与现在相比,对未来的痛苦的同理心较少.
- 发现参与者预测时间上的疼痛水平相同,但对未来的疼痛感觉不那么同情.
- 显示,想象未来的痛苦增加了它的感知价值.
- 由于同情心的下降,观察到对以未来为导向的慈善机构的捐款减少.
- 对未来痛苦的生动想象减轻了同情心的下降.
结论:
- 共感是一种偏向现在的心理因素,阻碍了面向未来的社会行为.
- 加强生动想象力的干预措施可以减轻同情心的下降.
- 了解时间间的同理心对于促进长期的社会福祉至关重要.
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