子 (Columba livia) 在二元选择和留下补丁的背景下进行时间间的选择
Stephanie Gomes-Ng1, Quinn Gray2, Sarah Cowie2
1Department of Psychology, Auckland University of Technology.
Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983)
|August 22, 2024
概括
子在直接选择中选择了较小的早期奖励,但在补丁离开任务中选择了较大的后期奖励,显示了停留偏差. 这表明,条件强化在不同环境中不同影响时间间的选择.
科学领域:
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
- 动物认知 动物认知
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 自制通常通过同时选择较小-较早 (SS) 和较大-较晚 (LL) 奖励来研究.
- 补丁离开任务提供了一个替代范式,在这个范式中,停留或离开决定了获得奖励的情况.
- 之前的研究表明,这些任务类型之间的奖励偏好存在物种差异.
研究的目的:
- 系统地复制和调查使用二进制选择和补丁离开任务的子的间时选择行为.
- 检查奖励大小,延迟和任务结构对选择行为的影响.
- 探索潜在的潜在机制,可能涉及条件强化和赢-停留偏见.
主要方法:
- 六只子被测试在一个二进制选择任务和两个补丁离开任务 (补丁-L和补丁-S).
- 奖励延迟被操纵,较小-较早 (SS) 延迟从5秒到55秒,较大-较晚 (LL) 延迟固定在60秒.
- 变化包括为停留增加的努力和同等的奖励延迟.
主要成果:
- 子在二进制选择条件下始终更喜欢SS增强器.
- 在离开补丁的任务中,子更喜欢在补丁-L中的LL增强器和在补丁-S中的SS增强器,这表明它们倾向于留下来.
- 这种停留偏差即使在增加努力或等效奖励延迟的情况下仍然存在.
结论:
- 子在离开补丁的任务中表现出停留偏差,即使有更小的即时奖励可用,他们也更愿意留在这种情况中.
- 这种行为可以通过赢-停留偏见和有条件的强化来解释,在这种情况下,补丁刺激与奖励有关.
- 这些发现挑战了二进制选择和补丁离开程序的经济等价性,并突出了取决于上下文的时间间选择机制.
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