成为机器人是什么感觉? 根据GPT-4的世界
1Trinity College, Hartford, CT, United States.
Frontiers in psychology
|August 23, 2024
概括
像GPT-4这样的大型语言模型 (LLM) 可能看起来很聪明,但它们缺乏时间意识,阻止了稳定的世界建模. 这表明LLM产生虚构,而不是拥有真正的理解.
科学领域:
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 思想的哲学 思想的哲学
背景情况:
- 关于大语言模型 (LLM) 的新兴特性,如智能和意义的辩论受到不清楚定义的术语和不透明的内部流程的阻碍.
- 目前的评估通常依赖于外部因素或对LLM操作的错误假设,将其视为"黑子".
- 智能系统的一个关键特征是对环境条件的响应,即使在空间和时间上是遥远的环境条件,与主观世界 (s-worlds) 进行交互.
研究的目的:
- 通过分析他们从行为中推断出的主观世界 (s-worlds) 来评估LLM认知提出一个框架.
- 通过检查其构建稳定的感知世界的能力来研究LLM的潜在感知能力,特别是OpenAI的GPT-4.
- 探索时间意识在认知中的作用以及它在LLMs中的缺失.
主要方法:
- 通过哲学现象学和认知伦理学的透视来分析GPT-4的错误模式.
- 从其行为输出,特别是其错误中推断出 GPT-4 的主观世界 (s-world).
- 将GPT-4的认知架构与有意识生物的认知架构进行比较,重点关注时间感知.
主要成果:
- GPT-4的错误表明,它缺乏与人类相似的对时间的主观意识.
- 这种时间缺陷使得GPT-4无法构建一个稳定的,不断更新的环境模型.
- 因此,GPT-4的输出缺乏认识体系的安全性,表明它未能形成一个一致的感知世界.
结论:
- 由于GPT-4缺乏时间意识,因此无法构建一个稳定的感知世界,从而破坏了它对真正理解或感觉的要求.
- 像GPT-4这样的LLM周围的强烈的人形幻觉导致它们在协作小说创作中的使用.
- 通过他们推断的s世界来评估LLM提供了一条了解他们的认知局限性和潜力的途径.
相关概念视频
01:20Introduction to Cognitive Psychology
453
Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem-solving, as well as other cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology studies how information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing.
This field emerged in the mid-20th century, following a period dominated by behaviorism, which...
This field emerged in the mid-20th century, following a period dominated by behaviorism, which...
453
01:16Non-equilibrium in the Cell
4.3K
An important concept in studying metabolism and energy is that of chemical equilibrium. Most chemical reactions are reversible. They can proceed in both directions, releasing energy into their environment in one direction, and absorbing it from the environment in the other direction. The same is true for the chemical reactions involved in cell metabolism, such as the breaking down and building up of proteins into and from individual amino acids, respectively. Reactants within a closed system...
4.3K
02:16Stereotype Content Model
14.0K
The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence...
14.0K
01:24Concepts and Prototypes
123
The human nervous system handles vast amounts of information by translating sensory stimuli into neural impulses, which the brain processes, creating thoughts expressed through language or stored as memories. The brain also synthesizes information from emotions and memories, which significantly influence thoughts and behaviors. This intricate process creates a comprehensive mental picture.
The brain organizes this information using concepts, which are mental categories grouping linguistic data,...
The brain organizes this information using concepts, which are mental categories grouping linguistic data,...
123
01:19Machines
264
Machines are complex structures consisting of movable, pin-connected multi-force members that work together to transmit forces. One example of a machine is the cutting plier, which is used to cut wires by applying forces to its handles. When equal and opposite forces are exerted on the handles of the cutting plier, they cause the cutting edges to come together and apply equal and opposite reaction forces on the wire, which are greater than the applied forces.
A free-body diagram of the...
A free-body diagram of the...
264
02:30Naturalistic Observations
15.4K
If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
15.4K