在指控性侵犯的未成年人中使用陈述有效性分析:系统性审查
Emilie Wouters1, Lauriane Constanty1,2, Sébastien Urben2
1Department of Psychiatry, Unit of Child and Adolescent Forensic Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland.
Journal of forensic sciences
|August 23, 2024
概括
在涉及未成年人的刑事司法案件中,声明有效性分析 (SVA) 显示了方法上的弱点. 需要进行研究,以改善SVA应用,减少评估儿童证词时的司法错误.
科学领域:
- 法医心理学 法医心理学
- 法律心理学 法律心理学
- 儿童见证研究 儿童见证研究
背景情况:
- 陈述有效性分析 (SVA) 是一种用于评估陈述可信度的工具,特别是在法律上下文.
- 它在刑事司法程序中对未成年人的应用需要仔细考虑,因为发展因素和潜在的脆弱性.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查关于在刑事司法程序中使用陈述有效性分析 (SVA) 与未成年人的现有文献.
- 确定儿童证人案件中关于SVA应用的研究趋势,方法和差距.
主要方法:
- 在六个文献数据库中进行了全面的文献搜索,截至2024年3月.
- 包括19项发表于1991年至2023年期间的研究,涉及2931名儿童.
- 引用追踪策略被用来补充数据库搜索.
主要成果:
- 大多数研究是在1991-2000年间发表的,在研究恢复之前 (2011-2022) 有一个显著的差距.
- 大多数参与者是女孩 (71%),平均年龄为9.4岁.
- 没有一项研究使用完整的SVA;大多数专注于基于标准的内容分析 (CBCA) 标准,没有一个使用有效性检查列表 (VCL).
结论:
- 在审查的研究中发现了重要的方法缺陷.
- 需要进行更严格的研究,以加强SVA在司法领域的应用.
- 改善SVA实践至关重要,以尽量减少基于儿童证词的误导性司法决定的风险.
相关概念视频
Data Validation
5.0K
Data validation is an essential part of a comprehensive assessment. Validation is confirming or verifying and opening the door to gathering more assessment data as it clarifies vague or unclear data. The process of checking and verifying the collected information is called data validation. The primary purpose of data validation is to ensure data is as free from error, bias, and misinterpretation as possible.
Nursing assessment guides are generally based on holistic models rather than medical...
Nursing assessment guides are generally based on holistic models rather than medical...
5.0K
Bullying
8.4K
A modern form of aggression is bullying. As you learn in your study of child development, socializing and playing with other children is beneficial for children’s psychological development. However, as you may have experienced as a child, not all play behavior has positive outcomes. Some children are aggressive and want to play roughly. Other children are selfish and do not want to share toys. One form of negative social interactions among children that has become a national concern is...
8.4K
Statistical Significance
20.1K
Once data is collected from both the experimental and the control groups, a statistical analysis is conducted to find out if there are meaningful differences between the two groups. A statistical analysis determines how likely any difference found is due to chance (and thus not meaningful). In psychology, group differences are considered meaningful, or significant, if the odds that these differences occurred by chance alone are 5 percent or less. Stated another way, if we repeated this...
20.1K
Reliability and Validity
12.7K
Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.
12.7K
Conduct Disorder
30
Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
30


